This study will collect high-quality data on how practicing primary care physicians across the U.S. currently manage patients experiencing chronic pain and how the results of Ethos Laboratories' test change clinical decision making. To do so, this study leverages simulated patient cases called Clinical Performance and Value vignettes (CPVs) in a proven methodology to rapidly measure physician care decisions.

This study will collect high-quality randomized controlled data from a nationally representative sample of practicing physicians, specifically primary care physicians and pain specialists, to determine how they currently manage patients with pain and how the results of Ethos' test change their clinical decision making. Data from this study will better illuminate the clinical use cases in which the Ethos test has the most significant impact on clinical decision making (and thus the largest clinical utility) and the physician characteristics (e.g., age, practice setting, training) associated with practice change.

The study is a prospective cohort trial with six steps:

1. Enrollment: The study will enroll an estimated 166 practicing primary care physicians who practice in the U.S. and are determined to be eligible by an eligibility screener.
2. Provider survey: Once providers are enrolled in the study, they will be asked to complete a questionnaire describing their practice and professional background.
3. Randomization: The 166 physicians will be randomized into equally-sized control and intervention arms.
4. CPVs (First Round): Physicians will complete three randomly-assigned CPV patient simulations. Cases will be identical across the intervention and control arms. All interactive cases are presented on an online platform, and are accessible via unique weblinks and any internet-connected computer.
5. Intervention education: Intervention-arm physicians will receive educational materials describing the clinical validation and use cases of the Ethos test. This material will replicate what physicians would receive as part of an actual marketing push introducing them to the Ethos test. These materials may be comprised of a slide deck, fact sheet, webinar, and/or case studies.
6. CPVs (Second Round): All participating physicians will then be asked to complete three additional CPV patient simulations. The cases are given to the doctors in a random order. Cases will be identical across the intervention and control arms, except that the intervention arm will receive Ethos test results at an appropriate point in each simulated case in the post-intervention round. Control arm physicians will continue to have access to standard of care diagnostic tools, but not the Ethos test results.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Board-certified physician for at least two years
2. Averaging at least 20 hours per week of clinical and patient care duties over the last six months
3. At least 15% of patient panel with chronic pain
4. Prescribes opioids
5. Practicing in the U.S.
6. English speaking
7. Access to the internet
8. Informed, signed and voluntarily consented to be in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Non-English speaking
2. Practicing in an academic setting
3. Unable to access the internet
4. Not practicing in the U.S.
5. Not averaging at least 20 hours per week of clinical or patient care duties over the last six months
6. Less than 15% of panel with chronic pain
7. Does not prescribe opioids
8. Do not voluntarily consent to be in the study