To obtain normative data (median, 10th and 90th percentile) as well as inter-individual coefficient of variation (COV, assessed by [SD/mean]) with approximately 15 participants in each age group: 18-30, 31-45, 46-60, and 60-70 years old. To assess intra-individual COV [assessed by [SD/mean]. To assess effect of standard diets containing 16.25 or 32.5 g fiber/day during the two 24 hour periods before and during the measurement of permeability](streamdown:incomplete-link)

small bowel and colonic permeability based on oral probe molecules and urine excretion in 60 healthy white, female and male adults aged 18-70y

Normal data on intestinal permeability in a Healthy human cohort:

To summarize, using descriptive statistics, the median, 95% confidence interval, interquartile range of the following:

• Urine excretion of probe molecules at 0-2h (reflecting small bowel permeability) with primary interest in 13C-mannitol and rhamnose
• Urine excretion of probe molecules at 8-24h (reflecting colonic permeability) with primary interest in lactulose and sucralose
• Urine excretion of probe molecules at 2-8h reflecting both small intestinal and colonic permeability As part of the effort to ascertain conditions under which the test would be performed in the future, we shall test the intra-individual coefficient of variation in healthy individuals, when the test is performed twice under conditions of identical diet, and when the test is performed with diets that have standardized but different quantities of fiber