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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Pennsylvania Department of Health | OTHER_GOV |
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Approximately 40 million people in the US are served by private wells, many of which are untreated. The investigators estimate that 1.29 million cases of gastrointestinal illness (GI) per year are attributed to consuming water from untreated private wells in the US. These cases of GI can cause a significant burden in terms of health care costs and lost work/school days, as well as increased risk to developing longer term health complications. This impact is magnified when accounting for vulnerable populations such as children under the age of 5, the elderly and the immunocompromised. The investigators are preparing to conduct the first household randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate whether consuming well water treated by ultraviolet light (UV) compared to consuming untreated private well water decreases the incidence of self-reported gastrointestinal illness and respiratory infections in children under 5. The investigators will collect illness symptom data using a combination of weekly text messages and online illness questionnaires.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active UV Device | Active Comparator | A household water treatment device with a lamp emitting germicidal UV. The device will be operated at 50 millijoule per square centimeter to treat >99.9% of all bacteria, protozoa, and most viruses in water supplies. |
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| Inactive UV Device | Sham Comparator | A device that appears identical to the active comparator device except the lamp will not emit germicidal UV. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active household UV water treatment device | Device | This point-of-entry treatment device will use germicidal UV to treat all of the well water used in the home. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incident gastrointestinal illness | The investigators will collect data on the presence of gastrointestinal illness symptoms through weekly text messages. Households that report symptoms through text messages will be directed to an online illness questionnaire to characterize the symptoms (incidence, severity, duration, diarrhea, vomiting, coughing, etc.), febrile episodes, as well as relevant exposure information such as recent travel, exposure to ill persons, etc. Incident gastrointestinal illness (GI) is defined by the reporting of a minimum of three episodes of diarrhea or vomiting in a 24 hour period. Each illness will be considered distinct when separated by ≥ 6 symptom-free days. | 12 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Heather Murphy, PhD | Assistant Professor | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temple University | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19122 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12603534 | Background | Hellard ME, Sinclair MI, Harris AH, Kirk M, Fairley CK. Cost of community gastroenteritis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003 Mar;18(3):322-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2003.02959.x. | |
| 31412460 | Background | Johnson TD, Belitz K, Lombard MA. Estimating domestic well locations and populations served in the contiguous U.S. for years 2000 and 2010. Sci Total Environ. 2019 Oct 15;687:1261-1273. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.036. Epub 2019 Jun 6. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007239 | Infections |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| Inactive household UV water treatment device | Device | This sham device will use a lamp not emitting germicidal UV. |
|
| 12613740 | Background | Roberts JA, Cumberland P, Sockett PN, Wheeler J, Rodrigues LC, Sethi D, Roderick PJ; Infectious Intestinal Disease Study Executive. The study of infectious intestinal disease in England: socio-economic impact. Epidemiol Infect. 2003 Feb;130(1):1-11. doi: 10.1017/s0950268802007690. |