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Approximately 75% of cancer survivors experience some degree of cognitive deficit throughout their cancer experience, with upwards of one third of breast cancer survivors reporting impairments up to a decade after treatment. Chemotherapy and adjuvant therapy to remove cancerous tissue can result in deficits in attention, speed of processing, memory, and quality of life. Physical activity has been associated with a number of health benefits for breast cancer survivors including improvements in cognitive function. The investigators recently reported on the beneficial effects of acute exercise, or single sessions of physical activity, on processing speed and spatial working memory in breast cancer survivors, suggesting that acute bouts of physical activity may mitigate select domains of CRCI. Specifically, survivors in this study demonstrated faster processing speed, and trended towards faster and more accurate spatial working memory, after thirty minutes of moderate-intensity walking compared to seated rest. But half an hour of walking may be challenging to certain subgroups of survivors, particularly those who are deconditioned or with significant barriers to longer walks. With a renewed focus on un-bouted physical activity and avoiding inactivity during survivorship, it is important to better understand the dose or volume of exercise responsible for providing breast cancer survivors with the greatest cognitive benefits. The investigators examined the effects of varying durations of exercise (e.g., 10, 20 and 30 minutes) on cognitive function in breast cancer survivors to identify the optimal length of acute exercise. Findings from this study will inform new guidelines for acute exercise after cancer.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-minute Treadmill Walking | Experimental | All participants will walk on the treadmill and perform a battery of cognitive tasks immediately prior and immediately after the walking session. Participants will be randomized the length of time spent walking on the treadmill: 10, 20 or 30 minutes. |
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| 20-minute Treadmill Walking | Experimental | All participants will walk on the treadmill and perform a battery of cognitive tasks immediately prior and immediately after the walking session. Participants will be randomized the length of time spent walking on the treadmill: 10, 20 or 30 minutes. |
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| 30-minute Treadmill Walking | Experimental | All participants will walk on the treadmill and perform a battery of cognitive tasks immediately prior and immediately after the walking session. Participants will be randomized the length of time spent walking on the treadmill: 10, 20 or 30 minutes. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Walking for 10 minutes | Behavioral | Participants will walk on a treadmill for 10 minutes at a moderate intensity. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in working memory by walking as a function of walking duration (10, 20 or 30 minutes) | All participants will complete both a walking and a sitting session, but the duration of these sessions will be determined randomly. Prior to each session, participants will complete a cognitive battery consisting of a working memory task (Spatial Working Memory domain). They will then complete the same cognitive battery immediately after the session. Accuracy ranges from 0-100% and reaction time ranges from 0-5000 milliseconds. | 1 year |
| Change in attention by walking as a function of walking duration (10, 20 or 30 minutes) | All participants will complete both a walking and a sitting session, but the duration of these sessions will be determined randomly. Prior to each session, participants will complete a cognitive battery consisting of an attention task (Flanker task). They will then complete the same cognitive battery immediately after the session. Accuracy ranges from 0-100% and reaction time ranges from 0-5000 milliseconds. | 1 year |
| Change in cognitive flexibility by walking as a function of walking duration (10, 20 or 30 minutes) | All participants will complete both a walking and a sitting session, but the duration of these sessions will be determined randomly. Prior to each session, participants will complete a cognitive battery consisting of a cognitive flexibility task (Task Switching Paradigm). They will then complete the same cognitive battery immediately after the session. Accuracy ranges from 0-100% and reaction time ranges from 0-5000 milliseconds. | 1 year |
| Change in processing speed by walking as a function of walking duration (10, 20 or 30 minutes) | All participants will complete both a walking and a sitting session, but the duration of these sessions will be determined randomly. Prior to each session, participants will complete a cognitive battery consisting of a processing speed task (Letter Comparison task). They will then complete the same cognitive battery immediately after the session. Accuracy ranges from 0-100% and reaction time ranges from 0-5000 milliseconds. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Lifestyle physical activity as a predictor of change in cognitive function (executive function domains: working memory, attention/inhibition/cognitive flexibility and processing speed) after acute exercise | Investigators are interested in determining what lifestyle factors are associated with significant change in cognition (processing speed, working memory, attention/inhibition, cognitive flexibility) from pre- to post-acute exercise. Lifestyle physical activity will be measured via accelerometer in units of average minutes per day. Higher values indicate greater levels of lifestyle physical activity. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
All participants will be female breast cancer survivors.
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32760319 | Derived | Salerno EA, Rowland K, Hillman CH, Trinh L, Kramer AF, McAuley E. Dose-Response Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise Duration on Cognitive Function in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Front Psychol. 2020 Jul 14;11:1500. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01500. eCollection 2020. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001943 | Breast Neoplasms |
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D001941 | Breast Diseases |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016138 | Walking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008124 | Locomotion |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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| Walking for 20 minutes | Behavioral | Participants will walk on a treadmill for 20 minutes at a moderate intensity. |
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| Walking for 30 minutes | Behavioral | Participants will walk on a treadmill for 30 minutes at a moderate intensity. |
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| 1 year |
| 1 year |
| Mental health as a predictor of change in cognitive function (executive function domains: working memory, attention/inhibition/cognitive flexibility and processing speed) after acute exercise | Investigators are interested in determining what mental health factors are associated with significant change in cognition (processing speed, working memory, attention/inhibition, cognitive flexibility) from pre- to post-acute exercise. Mental health factors of interest are anxiety and depression as measured via the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. Scores range from 0-21 with higher scores indicating increased anxiety and depression. | 1 year |
| Body mass index as a predictor of change in cognitive function (executive function domains: working memory, attention/inhibition/cognitive flexibility and processing speed) after acute exercise | Investigators are interested in determining is body mass index associated with significant change in cognition (processing speed, working memory, attention/inhibition, cognitive flexibility) from pre- to post-acute exercise. Body mass index will be measured using the standard kilograms/meters^2. Increased body mass index indicates worsened health. | 1 year |
| Change from baseline in anxiety levels after one bout of exercise as assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. | Participants will complete a short anxiety questionnaire before and after a 30 minute bout of aerobic exercise. The investigators will then compare the pre- and post- values to examine if any changes are present. Scores on the HADS range from 0-21 with higher scores indicating increased anxiety and depression. | 30 minutes |
| D017437 |
| Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |