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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| PEEP Medical, LLC | INDUSTRY |
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This study compares a novel breathing device, called the GO2 Mouthpiece, to the standard breathing tool called the incentive spirometer, thus improving respiratory dynamics of the postoperative patient.
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are the principal cause of morbidity, mortality and prolonged hospitalizations in surgical patients, which results in a 50% increase in healthcare costs compared to postoperative cardiac complications. This is especially evident following cardiovascular surgery. One of the most common PPCs is atelectasis, resulting in dyspnea, tachypnea and hypoxemia.
Postoperative atelectasis is a predictable consequence of anesthesia, surgical trauma, and pain associated with breathing. Methods aimed at increasing lung volume and treating atelectasis, commonly known as postoperative physiotherapy, play an important role in preventing PPCs. These methods include cough and deep breathing, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), postural drainage, incentive spirometry and positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP).
Incentive spirometry has served as a convenient approach for the postoperative patient to sustain maximal inflations and encourage deep breathing. Although incentive spirometry is used commonly by post-operative patients, evidence fails to support its benefit.
PEEP is a well-known pulmonary physiologic principle. There are on average 600 million alveoli in the lung. Each alveolus has surfactant to resist the natural propensity for these small air sacs to collapse during exhalation. Despite this surfactant, some alveoli will collapse and not be available for gas exchange. This atelectasis results in a ventilation/perfusion mismatch where alveolar units are perfused but not adequately ventilated. This is referred to as shunting and results in hypoxemia (decreased PaO2). PEEP decreases the propensity for the alveoli to collapse by increasing the air pressure in the lungs. This residual pressure in the lungs at the end of exhalation decreases shunting and allows for more complete gas exchange and improved oxygenation. In patients, PEEP is one of the safest ways to increase PaO2 and is used on almost all modern ventilator settings.
The purpose of this study is to compare a novel breathing device, called the GO2 Mouthpiece, which uses the concept of PEEP, to the incentive spirometer in postoperative patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incentive Spirometer Control Arm | Active Comparator | Participants assigned to use the incentive spirometer after surgery. |
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| GO2 Mouthpiece | Experimental | Participants assigned to use the Bidirectional Oxygenation Valve (GO2 Mouthpiece) after surgery. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incentive spirometer | Device | The incentive spirometer is a device that measures how deeply a person can inhale (breathe in). It helps with taking slow, deep breaths to expand and fill the lungs with air, which helps prevent lung problems, such as pneumonia. The incentive spirometer is made up of a breathing tube, an air chamber, and an indicator to help users control their breathing. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2 Level) | Partial pressure of oxygen is a measurement of oxygen pressure in arterial blood. It reflects how well oxygen is able to move from the lungs to the blood. Normal values are 80 to 100 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). | 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours postextubation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants With Normal Atelectasis Score | Atelectasis is a lung condition that happens when the airways don't expand normally. Atelectasis is measured with the modified radiological atelectasis score (m-RAS). Each pulmonary lobe, including the lingula, is scored 0-3 (0=normal, 1=plate or minor infiltrate, 2= moderate atelectasis, 3= total atelectasis). The scores of the six lobes are then summed to give a total score ranging from 0 to 18 with higher scores being associated with worse outcomes. For this analysis, scores were categorized as 0 (normal) or greater than 0 (not normal). The count of participants with a normal atelectasis score at the indicated time point are presented here. |
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Inclusion Criteria
Exclusion Criteria
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jeffrey Miller, MD | Emory University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital | Atlanta | Georgia | 30342 | United States |
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Participant enrollment began August 27, 2020 and all study follow up was completed January 31, 2021. Participants were enrolled at Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Incentive Spirometer Control Arm | Participants using the incentive spirometer after surgery. |
| FG001 | GO2 Mouthpiece | Participants using the bidirectional oxygenation valve, GO2 Mouthpiece, after surgery. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Incentive Spirometer Control Arm | Participants using the incentive spirometer after surgery. |
| BG001 | GO2 Mouthpiece | Participants using the GO2 Mouthpiece after surgery. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2 Level) | Partial pressure of oxygen is a measurement of oxygen pressure in arterial blood. It reflects how well oxygen is able to move from the lungs to the blood. Normal values are 80 to 100 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | 1, 6, 12 and 24 hours postextubation |
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Information on adverse events was collected beginning at the initial postoperative assessment and was collected through postoperative day 4.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Control Arm | Participants using the incentive spirometer after surgery. | 0 |
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| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increased oxygen requirement 10% | Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) requirement |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Jeffrey Miller | Emory University | 404-252-6104 | jeffrey.miller@emory.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Nov 20, 2020 | Jan 5, 2022 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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Single center, prospective, randomized controlled study
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| GO2 Mouthpiece | Device | The GO2 Mouthpiece is a simple, comfortable, and straightforward silicone rubber-made, bidirectional oxygenation mouthpiece that effectively delivers PEEP with every breath. |
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| Immediately postoperative, Postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| Oxygen Requirement | Oxygen was provided by a nasal cannula. The flow rate of supplemental oxygen that participants required after surgery is assessed as liters per minute. Higher flow rate indicates an increased need for supplemental oxygen. | Postextubation Hours 1, 6, 12 and 24, Postoperative Days 2, 3, and 4 |
| Carbon Dioxide Level | Normal carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in blood range from 35.0 mmHg to 45.0 mmHg. | Postextubation Hours 1, 6, 12 and 24 |
| FEV1 | Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is measured during a spirometry test, also known as a pulmonary function test, which involves forcefully breathing out into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer machine. FEV1 is the amount of air forced from lungs in one second. To describe severity of pulmonary disease, FEV1 can be expressed as a percentage of the predicted value. Values 80% and and greater of the predicted value are considered normal. | Preoperative and postoperative day 3 |
| Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) | Forced vital capacity (FVC) is measured during a spirometry test, also known as a pulmonary function test, which involves forcefully breathing out into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer machine. FVC is the total amount of air exhaled during the FEV test. FVC can be expressed as a percentage of the predicted value.The normal range for the percent of the predicted value is between 80% and 120%. | Preoperative, Postoperative Day 3 |
| Respiratory Rate | Respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken per minute. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 16 to 20 breaths per minute. | Postextubation Hours 1, 6, 12 and 24, Postoperative Days 2, 3, and 4 |
| Body Temperature | Measure of heat associated with the metabolism of the body. Normal range is between 36.5-37.5 degrees Celsius (°C). | Immediately Postoperative, Postoperative Day 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
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| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Units | Counts |
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| Participants |
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| Secondary | Number of Participants With Normal Atelectasis Score | Atelectasis is a lung condition that happens when the airways don't expand normally. Atelectasis is measured with the modified radiological atelectasis score (m-RAS). Each pulmonary lobe, including the lingula, is scored 0-3 (0=normal, 1=plate or minor infiltrate, 2= moderate atelectasis, 3= total atelectasis). The scores of the six lobes are then summed to give a total score ranging from 0 to 18 with higher scores being associated with worse outcomes. For this analysis, scores were categorized as 0 (normal) or greater than 0 (not normal). The count of participants with a normal atelectasis score at the indicated time point are presented here. | This analysis includes participants who completed the chest x-ray at the indicated visits. The atelectasis score could not be determined for one participant at postoperative day 3 and two participants at postoperative day 4 because chest x-rays were not performed. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Immediately postoperative, Postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 4 |
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| Secondary | Oxygen Requirement | Oxygen was provided by a nasal cannula. The flow rate of supplemental oxygen that participants required after surgery is assessed as liters per minute. Higher flow rate indicates an increased need for supplemental oxygen. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | liters of oxygen per minute | Postextubation Hours 1, 6, 12 and 24, Postoperative Days 2, 3, and 4 |
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| Secondary | Carbon Dioxide Level | Normal carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in blood range from 35.0 mmHg to 45.0 mmHg. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg | Postextubation Hours 1, 6, 12 and 24 |
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| Secondary | FEV1 | Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) is measured during a spirometry test, also known as a pulmonary function test, which involves forcefully breathing out into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer machine. FEV1 is the amount of air forced from lungs in one second. To describe severity of pulmonary disease, FEV1 can be expressed as a percentage of the predicted value. Values 80% and and greater of the predicted value are considered normal. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage of the predicted FEV1 value | Preoperative and postoperative day 3 |
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| Secondary | Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) | Forced vital capacity (FVC) is measured during a spirometry test, also known as a pulmonary function test, which involves forcefully breathing out into a mouthpiece connected to a spirometer machine. FVC is the total amount of air exhaled during the FEV test. FVC can be expressed as a percentage of the predicted value.The normal range for the percent of the predicted value is between 80% and 120%. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | percentage of the predicted FVC value | Preoperative, Postoperative Day 3 |
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| Secondary | Respiratory Rate | Respiratory rate is the number of breaths taken per minute. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 16 to 20 breaths per minute. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | breaths per minute | Postextubation Hours 1, 6, 12 and 24, Postoperative Days 2, 3, and 4 |
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| Secondary | Body Temperature | Measure of heat associated with the metabolism of the body. Normal range is between 36.5-37.5 degrees Celsius (°C). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | °C | Immediately Postoperative, Postoperative Day 1, 2, 3, 4 |
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| 10 |
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| 10 |
| 1 |
| 10 |
| EG001 | GO2 Mouthpiece | Participants using the GO2 Mouthpiece after surgery. | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
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| Postoperative Day 1 |
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| Postoperative Day 2 |
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| Postoperative Day 4 |
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| Postextubation Hour 12 |
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