Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
No funding for this project
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
To determine if baclofen will enhance buprenorphine analgesia for acute pain in healthy volunteers.
Abuse of opioids is a significant and growing problem in the United States. In the past two decades, opioid prescriptions have quadrupled while the age of heroin initiation has decreased, suggesting that more individuals are using opioids and transitioning to heroin and potent synthetic opioids than in the past. Further, fatal opioid overdose is now the leading cause of accidental death and is the 5th highest overall cause of mortality in the US. Engaging opioid users in opioid agonist treatments has been shown to lower rates of criminal behavior, lower rates of non-opioid drug use, and increase retention in drug treatment programs, while decreasing mortality and new HIV and hepatitis infections. However, a recent study noted that 68% of patients prescribed buprenorphine had poor medication adherence, which was associated with illicit opioid use. A Cochrane review concluded that buprenorphine was less effective at retaining patients in treatment relative to methadone. One reason for lower treatment retention may be the high comorbidity of opioid use disorder and chronic pain and/or opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Buprenorphine, as a partial mu agonist, provides lower analgesia but an improved safety profile relative to full agonists like methadone. Thus, enhancing the analgesic properties of buprenorphine will provide a safer alternative for opioid use disorder patients with chronic pain/hyperalgesia.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Participants randomized to this arm will receive one dosage of Placebo as part of their second study appointment. |
|
| Baclofen 5mg | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm will receive one dosage of 5 mg of Baclofen as part of their second study appointment. |
|
| Baclofen 10mg | Experimental | Participants randomized to this arm will receive one dosage of 10 mg of Baclofen as part of their second study appointment. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebos | Drug | Participants will receive placebo in combination with 0.3 mg of buprenorphine to examine analgesia in acute pain tasks. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Threshold | Pain threshold refers to the intensity at which a stimulus is first perceived as painful. Heat stimuli will be delivered using a computer-controlled thermal stimulation system with a 30 millimeter X 30 millimeter probe. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain threshold, participants will be instructed to press the button when the sensation "first becomes painful" Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | Baseline |
| Pain Threshold | Pain threshold refers to the intensity at which a stimulus is first perceived as painful. Heat stimuli will be delivered using a computer-controlled thermal stimulation system with a 30 millimeter X 30 millimeter probe. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain threshold, participants will be instructed to press the button when the sensation "first becomes painful" Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
| Pain Tolerance | Pain tolerance refers to the maximum amount of pain produced by a stimulus that a person is able/willing to tolerate. Heat stimuli will again be delivered using the computer-controlled thermal stimulation system. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain tolerance, participants will be instructed to press the button when they are "no longer willing to tolerate" the painful sensation. Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Opioid Symptom Checklist | Measures the amount and intensity of side effects after being administered an opioid. The measure consists of 14 questions about potential opioid symptoms, and each the severity of the symptom is rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with 0 reflecting not at all feeling or being bothered by the symptom and 4 reflecting being severely bothered by the symptom. The score is the sum of the 14 responses. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 56. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Karen L Cropsey, Psy.D. | University of Alabama at Birmingham | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Alabama, Birmingham | Birmingham | Alabama | 35209 | United States |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Placebo | Participants randomized to this arm will receive Placebo. |
| FG001 | Baclofen 5mg | Participants randomized to this arm will receive 5 mg of Baclofen. |
| FG002 | Baclofen 10mg | Participants randomized to this arm will receive 10 mg of Baclofen. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Placebo | Participants randomized to this arm will receive Placebo. |
| BG001 | Baclofen 5mg | Participants randomized to this arm will receive 5 mg of Baclofen. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Pain Threshold | Pain threshold refers to the intensity at which a stimulus is first perceived as painful. Heat stimuli will be delivered using a computer-controlled thermal stimulation system with a 30 millimeter X 30 millimeter probe. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain threshold, participants will be instructed to press the button when the sensation "first becomes painful" Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Degrees Celsius | Baseline |
|
From baseline to 48 hours after dose session
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Placebo | Participants randomized to this arm will receive Placebo. Placebos: Participants will receive placebo in combination with 0.3 mg of buprenorphine to examine analgesia in acute pain tasks. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Emergency Department Visit | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | Non-systematic Assessment | Participant experienced nausea, dizziness, and vomiting shortly after receiving 4mg buprenorphine. Zofran did not relieve symptoms. Participant received saline IV and Zofran in the ED and was released the same day. No lingering effects the next day. |
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buprenorphine Poisoning | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | Non-systematic Assessment | Participant experienced dizziness, nausea, and vomiting after receiving 4mg buprenorphine. Participant reported grogginess and dizziness the next day, but nausea did not persist to the next day. |
Not provided
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Karen Cropsey | UAB | 2059754204 | kcropsey@uabmc.edu |
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Apr 11, 2022 | Oct 3, 2025 | Prot_004.pdf |
| SAP | No | Yes | No | Statistical Analysis Plan | Nov 14, 2025 | Nov 14, 2025 | SAP_007.pdf |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059787 | Acute Pain |
| D000377 | Agnosia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001418 | Baclofen |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005680 | gamma-Aminobutyric Acid |
| D000613 | Aminobutyrates |
| D002087 | Butyrates |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
Not provided
Not provided
Participants will be randomized to one of three interventions.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Baclofen 5 mg | Drug | Participants will receive 5mg of baclofen in combination with 0.3 mg of buprenorphine to examine analgesia in acute pain tasks. |
|
| Baclofen 10mg | Drug | Participants will receive 10mg of baclofen in combination with 0.3 mg of buprenorphine to examine analgesia in acute pain tasks. |
|
| Pain Tolerance |
Pain tolerance refers to the maximum amount of pain produced by a stimulus that a person is able/willing to tolerate. Heat stimuli will again be delivered using the computer-controlled thermal stimulation system. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain tolerance, participants will be instructed to press the button when they are "no longer willing to tolerate" the painful sensation. Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. |
| 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
| Temporal Summation of Pain | Temporal summation of pain refers to a form of endogenous pain facilitation characterized by the perception of increased pain despite constant or even reduced peripheral afferent input. Temporal summation is presumed to be the psychophysical manifestation of wind-up. Wind-up is a phenomenon where repetitive stimulation of C primary afferents at rates greater than 0.3 Hertz produces a slowly increasing response of second-order neurons in the spinal cord. Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | Baseline |
| Temporal Summation of Pain | Temporal summation of pain refers to a form of endogenous pain facilitation characterized by the perception of increased pain despite constant or even reduced peripheral afferent input. Temporal summation is presumed to be the psychophysical manifestation of wind-up. Wind-up is a phenomenon where repetitive stimulation of C primary afferents at rates greater than 0.3 Hertz produces a slowly increasing response of second-order neurons in the spinal cord. Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
| Conditioned Pain Modulation | A routinely used quantitative sensory testing protocol for the measurement of endogenous pain inhibition is conditioned pain modulation, which refers to the reduction in pain from one stimulus (the test stimulus) produced by the application of a second pain stimulus at a remote body site (the conditioning stimulus). Conditioned pain modulation is believed to reflect the perceptual manifestation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls, whereby ascending projections from one noxious stimulus activate supraspinal structures that trigger descending inhibitory projections to the dorsal horn. Pain rating scores for the test stimulus and the conditioning stimulus will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. The conditioned pain modulation score is the difference between the two pain rating scores. | Baseline |
| Conditioned Pain Modulation | A routinely used quantitative sensory testing protocol for the measurement of endogenous pain inhibition is conditioned pain modulation, which refers to the reduction in pain from one stimulus (the test stimulus) produced by the application of a second pain stimulus at a remote body site (the conditioning stimulus). Conditioned pain modulation is believed to reflect the perceptual manifestation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls, whereby ascending projections from one noxious stimulus activate supraspinal structures that trigger descending inhibitory projections to the dorsal horn. Pain rating scores for the test stimulus and the conditioning stimulus will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. The conditioned pain modulation score is the difference between the two pain rating scores. | 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
| Suprathreshold Pain Response | Ratings of pain in response to discrete stimuli with intensities above the pain threshold detection/ patients provide an intensity rating using any number of a 0-100 scale whereby 0=no pain and 100= the most intense pain imaginable | Baseline |
| Suprathreshold Pain Response | Ratings of pain in response to discrete stimuli with intensities above the pain threshold detection/ patients provide an intensity rating using any number of a 0-100 scale whereby 0=no pain and 100= the most intense pain imaginable | 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
| 30 minutes post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
| 26-item Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Measures subjective and physiological effects of a medication using mood states as well as questions about the dose of medication. The measure consists of 7 questions about potential drug effects, and each response is rated on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 reflecting not at all feeling the effect and 100 reflecting very much feeling the effect. The score is the sum of the 7 responses. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 700. | 30 minutes post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
| Drug Effects Questionnaire-5 | Measures subjective experiences of a drug. The measure consists of 5 questions about the participant's experience of the drug effects, and each response is rated on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 reflecting not at all having an experience and 100 reflecting extremely having that experience. The score is the sum of the 5 responses. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 500. | 30 minutes post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
| 26-item Visual Analog Scale ("Subjective Drug Effects") | This 26-item VAS measures subjective and physiological effects of a medication using mood states as well as questions about the dose of medication. The measure consists of 7 questions about potential drug effects, and each response is rated on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 reflecting not at all feeling the effect and 100 reflecting very much feeling the effect. The score is the sum of the 7 responses. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 700. | 30 minutes post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
| BG002 | Baclofen 10mg | Participants randomized to this arm will receive 10 mg of Baclofen. |
| BG003 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Baclofen 5mg |
Participants randomized to this arm will receive 5 mg of Baclofen. |
| OG002 | Baclofen 10mg | Participants randomized to this arm will receive 10 mg of Baclofen. |
|
|
| Primary | Pain Threshold | Pain threshold refers to the intensity at which a stimulus is first perceived as painful. Heat stimuli will be delivered using a computer-controlled thermal stimulation system with a 30 millimeter X 30 millimeter probe. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain threshold, participants will be instructed to press the button when the sensation "first becomes painful" Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | Data were missing. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Degrees Celsius | 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
|
|
|
| Primary | Pain Tolerance | Pain tolerance refers to the maximum amount of pain produced by a stimulus that a person is able/willing to tolerate. Heat stimuli will again be delivered using the computer-controlled thermal stimulation system. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain tolerance, participants will be instructed to press the button when they are "no longer willing to tolerate" the painful sensation. Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Degrees Celsius | Baseline |
|
|
|
| Primary | Pain Tolerance | Pain tolerance refers to the maximum amount of pain produced by a stimulus that a person is able/willing to tolerate. Heat stimuli will again be delivered using the computer-controlled thermal stimulation system. From a baseline of 32 degrees Celsius, the probe temperature will increase at a rate of .5 degrees Celsius/second until the participant responds by pressing a button on a handheld device. For heat pain tolerance, participants will be instructed to press the button when they are "no longer willing to tolerate" the painful sensation. Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | Data were missing. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Degrees Celsius | 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
|
|
|
| Primary | Temporal Summation of Pain | Temporal summation of pain refers to a form of endogenous pain facilitation characterized by the perception of increased pain despite constant or even reduced peripheral afferent input. Temporal summation is presumed to be the psychophysical manifestation of wind-up. Wind-up is a phenomenon where repetitive stimulation of C primary afferents at rates greater than 0.3 Hertz produces a slowly increasing response of second-order neurons in the spinal cord. Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | Data were missing. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Baseline |
|
|
|
| Primary | Temporal Summation of Pain | Temporal summation of pain refers to a form of endogenous pain facilitation characterized by the perception of increased pain despite constant or even reduced peripheral afferent input. Temporal summation is presumed to be the psychophysical manifestation of wind-up. Wind-up is a phenomenon where repetitive stimulation of C primary afferents at rates greater than 0.3 Hertz produces a slowly increasing response of second-order neurons in the spinal cord. Pain rating scores will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. | Data were missing. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
|
|
|
| Primary | Conditioned Pain Modulation | A routinely used quantitative sensory testing protocol for the measurement of endogenous pain inhibition is conditioned pain modulation, which refers to the reduction in pain from one stimulus (the test stimulus) produced by the application of a second pain stimulus at a remote body site (the conditioning stimulus). Conditioned pain modulation is believed to reflect the perceptual manifestation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls, whereby ascending projections from one noxious stimulus activate supraspinal structures that trigger descending inhibitory projections to the dorsal horn. Pain rating scores for the test stimulus and the conditioning stimulus will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. The conditioned pain modulation score is the difference between the two pain rating scores. | Data were missing. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Baseline |
|
|
|
| Primary | Conditioned Pain Modulation | A routinely used quantitative sensory testing protocol for the measurement of endogenous pain inhibition is conditioned pain modulation, which refers to the reduction in pain from one stimulus (the test stimulus) produced by the application of a second pain stimulus at a remote body site (the conditioning stimulus). Conditioned pain modulation is believed to reflect the perceptual manifestation of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls, whereby ascending projections from one noxious stimulus activate supraspinal structures that trigger descending inhibitory projections to the dorsal horn. Pain rating scores for the test stimulus and the conditioning stimulus will be reflected in scores of 0-100, 0 being the least amount of pain and 100 being the most amount of pain. The conditioned pain modulation score is the difference between the two pain rating scores. | Data were missing. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
|
|
|
| Primary | Suprathreshold Pain Response | Ratings of pain in response to discrete stimuli with intensities above the pain threshold detection/ patients provide an intensity rating using any number of a 0-100 scale whereby 0=no pain and 100= the most intense pain imaginable | Data were missing. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | Baseline |
|
|
|
| Primary | Suprathreshold Pain Response | Ratings of pain in response to discrete stimuli with intensities above the pain threshold detection/ patients provide an intensity rating using any number of a 0-100 scale whereby 0=no pain and 100= the most intense pain imaginable | Data were missing. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 1.5 hours post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Opioid Symptom Checklist | Measures the amount and intensity of side effects after being administered an opioid. The measure consists of 14 questions about potential opioid symptoms, and each the severity of the symptom is rated on a scale from 0 to 4, with 0 reflecting not at all feeling or being bothered by the symptom and 4 reflecting being severely bothered by the symptom. The score is the sum of the 14 responses. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 56. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 30 minutes post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
|
|
|
| Secondary | 26-item Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Measures subjective and physiological effects of a medication using mood states as well as questions about the dose of medication. The measure consists of 7 questions about potential drug effects, and each response is rated on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 reflecting not at all feeling the effect and 100 reflecting very much feeling the effect. The score is the sum of the 7 responses. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 700. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 30 minutes post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Drug Effects Questionnaire-5 | Measures subjective experiences of a drug. The measure consists of 5 questions about the participant's experience of the drug effects, and each response is rated on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 reflecting not at all having an experience and 100 reflecting extremely having that experience. The score is the sum of the 5 responses. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 500. | Data were missing. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 30 minutes post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
|
|
|
| Secondary | 26-item Visual Analog Scale ("Subjective Drug Effects") | This 26-item VAS measures subjective and physiological effects of a medication using mood states as well as questions about the dose of medication. The measure consists of 7 questions about potential drug effects, and each response is rated on a scale of 0 to 100, with 0 reflecting not at all feeling the effect and 100 reflecting very much feeling the effect. The score is the sum of the 7 responses. The minimum value is 0 and the maximum value is 700. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 30 minutes post-drug administration during session 2, occurs 7 ± 2 days after baseline visit |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 6 |
| 1 |
| 6 |
| 1 |
| 6 |
| EG001 | Baclofen 5mg | Participants randomized to this arm will receive 5 mg of Baclofen. Baclofen 5 mg: Participants will receive 5mg of baclofen in combination with 0.3 mg of buprenorphine to examine analgesia in acute pain tasks. | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| EG002 | Baclofen 10mg | Participants randomized to this arm will receive 10 mg of Baclofen. Baclofen 10mg: Participants will receive 10mg of baclofen in combination with 0.3 mg of buprenorphine to examine analgesia in acute pain tasks. | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 5 |
|
|
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D002264 |
| Carboxylic Acids |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| Male |
|
| Asian |
|
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
|
| Black or African American |
|
| White |
|
| More than one race |
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|
| Not Hispanic or Latino |
|
| Unknown or Not Reported |
|