The aim of this prospective national multicenter randomized study is to compare, during an ERCP for VBP stenosis, the sensitivity of two biliary brushes: the INFINITY® vs the RX Cytology Brush® The main objective is the comparison of the rates of positive diagnosis of biliary brushing in cases of adenocarcinoma stenosis The total number of subjects required: 50 (25 patients per group) Duration of the inclusion period: 2 years Duration of participation for each subject: from 7 days to 12 months (in case of negative initial withdrawal) Total duration of the study: 3 years

The aim of this study is to compare, during an ERCP for VBP stenosis, the sensitivity of two biliary brushes: the INFINITY® vs the RX Cytology Brush®

OBJECTIVES

• Main objective: Comparison of the rates of positive diagnosis of biliary brushing in cases of adenocarcinoma stenosis

• Secondary objective (s):

  • Comparison of the quantification of the cellular material obtained (acellular, weak, or abundant), and the presence of cellular cupboards unhooked by the brush
  • Comparison of the 2 brushes false negative rates, and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma
  • Evaluation of the variation in the profitability of brushing and other sampling techniques (intra-biliary biopsies, puncture, aspiration of bile) according to the presence of a tumor mass syndrome of more than 1 cm.
  • Evaluation of the variation in the profitability of brushing and other sampling techniques (intra-biliary biopsies, puncture, aspiration of bile) according to the site of the stenosis (distal vs proximal BPV: common bile duct or intrahepatic duct), with the cost effectiveness
  • Technical failure rate of brushing and other samples (intra-biliary biopsies, bile aspiration)

This study concerns adult subjects with stenosis of the main bile duct (common bile duct or common hepatic duct).

ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURE

• Deep catheterization of the biliary duct (whatever the access technique: by the papilla or by precut) and cross stenosis by the guide wire, then biliary dilation (6 to 8mm)

• Randomization if the inclusion criteria are met

• Biliary brushing successively with the 2 brushes in the order designated by randomization:

  • Performing a dozen back and forth movements in the stenosis
  • Aspiration, if possible of bile by the catheter of the brush for cytological analysis
  • The contents of the brush will be spread over 3 blades (numbered) then sectioned and placed in cytolit with the contents of the tubing of the brush flushed with a few cc of cytolit. Each brush in a numbered pot. Blades 1,2 and 3 +/- bile 1 joined to pot n ° 1; blades 4,5 and 6 +/- bile 2 joined to pot 2

• In the event of technical failure (impossibility of accessing the stenosis with the first or second brush, impossibility of removing the brush), the patient will be considered to have failed for this brush (absence of pathological material brought back)

All possible sampling methods will also be taken to obtain the anatomopathological diagnosis: intra-biliary biopsies with adult or pediatric forceps, wire-guided or not, biopsy samples guided by choledochoscopy, puncture under endo-ultrasonography, bile aspiration after release of the biliary stent, according to the physician's habits.

EFFECTIVE The total number of subjects required: 50 (25 patients per group) Duration of the inclusion period: 2 years Duration of participation for each subject: from 7 days to 12 months (in case of negative initial withdrawal) Total duration of the study: 3 years

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient admitted to one of the ERCP investigation centers with brushing and drainage for VBP stenosis (proximal or distal) during the study period
• Patient whose age is greater than or equal to 18 years and less than 90 years
• Patient ASA 1, ASA 2, ASA 3
• Lack of participation in another clinical study
• Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients admitted for ERCP for jaundice by lithiasic obstruction
• Patient under 18 or over 90
• Patient ASA 4, ASA 5
• Pregnant woman
• Patient (s) with coagulation abnormalities preventing puncture: TP <50%, Platelets <50,000 / mm3, effective anti-coagulation in progress, clopidogrel in progress
• Surgical setup (Billroth II, Roux en Y) preventing endoscopic access to the papilla
• Patient unable to give personal consent
• Lack of signed informed consent