The proposed Phase IIB/III randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in subjects with newly diagnosed primary glioblastoma multiforme (ndGBM) aims to compare the efficacy and safety of LAM561 versus placebo, given with standard of care (SoC) therapy of radiation therapy plus temozolomide (TMZ), followed by an adjuvant treatment of 6 month period of TMZ and then LAM561 or placebo in monotherapy.

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2 parallel arms (1:1 ratio), adjuvant trial to assess the efficacy of LAM561 versus placebo in patients with newly diagnosed, IDH1 wildtype, GBM. In all arms, patients will receive the SoC and will be randomized to receive either placebo or LAM561 dose.

The study is planned to enrol 140 patients. The primary endpoints of the study are PFS (for CMA) and OS (for FMA) as assessed after observing at least 66 PFS events and at least 90 OS events, respectively. It is expected that the analysis for PFS will be performed 1-2 years earlier than the analysis for OS.

An IDMC (Independent Data Monitoring Committee) meeting took place to assess the trial's futility and safety data from the start of the trial until September 2023. The IDMC had open access to the data without blinding; after analysis IDMC concluded that there were no concerns that would necessitate stopping the study for ethical reasons or safety issues that could adversely affect patients due to taking the medication, so the study is continuing as normal with no changes.

After 45 events for PFS are observed, a formal interim analysis will be performed and the data reviewed by an Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) or may be activated by the IDMC 12 months after the inclusion of the last patient if follow up is sufficient to identify an overall PFS or OS significant deviation from the literature. After reviewing the interim results, the iDMC will make recommendations regarding: the sample size and the continuation of the trial overall.

Further, the sample size and events will be re-estimated to ensure that the statistical power is maintained given the estimated treatment effect at interim analysis. The events/sample size increase will be based on the considerations of the success probability.

For that purpose, based on the conditional power, the interim results will be classified into the following zones: favourable, unfavourable or promising.

If the interim results fall in the promising zone, then it is planned to increase the total number of events both for PFS and OS by up to 50%, with up to 99 events for PFS and up to 135 events for OS. The total sample size will also be increased to up to 210 patients to ensure the desired number of events within a realistic time. If the interim results are favourable or unfavourable, the study size will remain as initially planned with 66 events for PFS and 90 for OS, collected from 140 patients.

The IDMC committee experts met in February 2024 after 45 PFS events occurred in the trial. Unblinded medical and clinical statistical data from 103 patients were evaluated to assess the efficacy - progression free survival (tumour growth or clinical deterioration) - of LAM561. The IDMC confirmed that, at the current level of evidence, after evaluating the Conditional Power of the unblinded results, no futility has been identified and recommends continuation of the study without modification.

In November 2024, After reaching 66 PFS events as stated by protocol, the independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) analyzed the data and recommended: (1) Continue the trial without modifications until 90 OS events (overall survival), when the final analysis will be carried out, estimated for Q4 2026; (2) that the trial should not be stopped for reasons of safety or futility and (3) opening the study, that is, removing the blind. From that moment, patients, doctors and Laminar as sponsor are able to know if any patient received placebo or LAM561.

Inclusion criteria:

1. Written informed consent, signed and dated

2. Subjects who are able to understand and follow instructions during the trial

3. Age ≥18 and ≤75

4. Subjects with newly histologically confirmed intracranial malignant glioma (glioblastoma WHO Grade IV) that is IDH1 wildtype (local assessment) and who are scheduled to receive chemo-radiotherapy with temozolomide

5. Ability to swallow and retain oral medication

6. Centrally obtained MGMT promoter methylation status

7. Subjects who underwent total or partial / incomplete resection and with the appropriate quantity of tumour tissue releasable for eligibility

8. Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) > 50 %

9. Female subjects with a childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within one week before inclusion in the trial. Those female and male subjects admitted in the study must use a reliable method of contraception, for female subjects during the study period up until 32 days after last study treatment and for male subjects up until 92 days after last study administration.

   Women must be:

   • Either of NOT childbearing potential: postmenopausal (≥ 60 years of age, or < 60 years of age and amenorrhoea for 12 months in the absence of chemotherapy, tamoxifen, toremifene, or ovarian suppression with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) above 40 U/L and oestradiol below 30 ng/L, or if taking tamoxifen or toremifene, and age < 60 years, then FSH and oestradiol in the postmenopausal range), permanently sterilized (e.g., tubal occlusion, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy), or otherwise incapable of pregnancy
   • Or of childbearing potential and practicing a highly effective method of birth control consistent with local regulations regarding the use of birth control methods for subjects participating in clinical studies: e.g., established use of oral, injected or implanted hormonal methods of contraception; placement of an intrauterine device or intrauterine system; male partner sterilization (the vasectomized partner should be the sole partner for that subject).

10. A man who is sexually active and has not had a vasectomy must agree to use a barrier method of birth control e.g., either condom or partner with occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical/vault caps).

11. Adequate bone marrow function including: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1,500/mm^3 or ≥1.5 x 10^9/L; Platelets ≥ 100,000/mm3 or ≥100 x10^9/L; Haemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL (may have been transfused).

12. Adequate hepatic function defined by a total bilirubin level ≤ 1.5 × the upper limit of normal range (ULN), an aspartate aminotransferase (AST), level ≤ 2.5 × ULN, and an alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level ≤ 2.5 × ULN or, for subjects with documented metastatic disease to the liver, AST and ALT levels ≤ 5 × ULN. Subjects with documented Gilbert disease are allowed if total bilirubin ≤ 3 x ULN

13. Adequate renal function defined by an estimated creatinine clearance ≥ 30 mL/min according to the Cockcroft-Gault formula

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known hypersensitivity to any component of the investigational product.

2. Any other investigational drug within the preceding 30 days. Prior, concomitant, or planned concomitant treatment with anti-neoplastic aim including (but not limited) to NovoTumor Treatment Fields (Novo TTF), bevacizumab, intratumoural or intracavitary anti-neoplastic therapy (e.g Gliadel wafers), or other experimental therapeutics intended to treat the tumour.

3. Subjects who underwent "only biopsy" resection

4. Anticancer therapy within 4 weeks of study entry (6 weeks for mitomycin and nitrosoureas)

5. Other major surgery within the preceding 30 days

6. Allergy, hypersensitivity or other intolerability to temozolomide and its excipients, patients with hypersensitivity to dacarbazine and patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption.

7. Unable to undergo MRI

8. Presenting with diffuse midline gliomas or multifocal GBM (distant from the flare or contralateral) or rapid progression between early post-surgery MRI and pre-radiotherapy MRI

9. Uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease

10. A history of uncontrolled hyperlipidaemia and/or the need for concurrent lipid lowering therapy

11. Need for warfarin, phenytoin or sulphonylureas (glibenclamide, glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide or nateglanide)

12. Past medical history of uncontrolled clinically significant active or chronic gastrointestinal disorders (for example, Crohn's disease, celiac disease, untreated stomach ulcers, etc) and gastro-inflammatory pathologies

13. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at the screening visit of ≥7.5%

14. Cardiac disease, defined specifically as either

    1. Mean resting corrected QT interval (QTc) > 470 msec (for women) and > 450 ms (for men) obtained from 3 consecutive ECGs
    2. Any clinically important abnormalities in rhythm, conduction or morphology of resting ECG (example, complete left bundle branch block, third degree heart block)
    3. Any factors that increase the risk of QTc prolongation or risk of arrhythmic events such as heart failure, hypokalaemia, potential for Torsades de Pointes, congenital long QT syndrome, family history of long QT syndrome or unexplained sudden death under 40 years of age

15. Previous malignancies within the last three years other than ndGBM, except successfully treated squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, superficial bladder cancer, and in situ carcinoma of the cervix.

At the Screening Visit, the IRT will assign a unique number to the subject. The site will use the IRT to receive drug kit numbers and a unique randomization number.

Subjects will be randomized to Arm A or B in a 1:1 ratio. Drug kit numbers and treatment content will be assigned according to a list generated before the start of the study. At interim, the IRT vendor will transfer the list of attribution to the iSCs. After the final lock, the list of attribution will be transmitted to the company involved in analysis. The IRT vendor will be in charge of the stock management/logistics in each site and shipments. Upon receipt of study drug, the study site will acknowledge receipt in the IRT system.

The investigators, the study site personnel and subject will remain blinded to throughout the course of the study. The IRT will provide access to for a subject in case of medical emergency. If sponsor/clinical team should break the blind, the reason will be documented on the eCRF.