This study is a phase II, prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of autologous umbilical cord blood infusion.

The study population will consist of 60 children ages 18 months to 12 years with ASD. The population will be randomly assigned to 2 groups, the study group be treated by cord blood in the beginning of the study and the control group by placebo product.

The study will consist of 4 stages Stage 1: initial assessment by physiotherapist and occupational therapist / treatment by cord blood or placebo / blood work before and after treatment Stage 2: at stage 1 + 6 months assessment by physiotherapist and occupational therapist / cross-over treatment by cord blood or placebo / blood work before and after treatment Stage 4: at stage 1 + 12 months assessment by physiotherapist and occupational therapist The primary outcome is improvement of social communication skills six months after treatment at stage 1

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 1.5 years to ≤ 12 years (11 years, 364 days) at the time of visit 1
• Confirmed clinical DSM-5 diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder using the DSM-5 criteria
• Fragile X testing performed and negative
• Available and qualified umbilical cord blood unit with a minimum banked total nucleated cell dose of ≥ 2 x 10e7 cells/kg
• Stable on current psychiatric medication regimen (dose and dosing schedule) for at least 2 months prior to infusion of study product
• Normal absolute lymphocyte count (≥1500/uL)
• Able to travel to Sheba Medical Center University three times (baseline, 6 and 12 months post-baseline), and parent/guardian is able to participate in interim surveys and interviews monthly
• Parental consent

Exclusion Criteria

• General:

  • Review of medical records indicates ASD diagnosis not likely
  • Known diagnosis of any of the following coexisting psychiatric conditions: depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder
  • Screening data suggests that participant would not be able to comply with the requirements of the study procedures, including study outcome measures, as assessed by the study team
  • Family is unwilling or unable to commit to participation in all study-related assessments, including follow up for approximately 12 months

• Genetic:

  • Records indicate that child has a known genetic syndrome such as (but not limited to) Fragile X syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Rett syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, PTEN mutation, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy
  • Known pathogenic copy number variation (CNV) associated with ASD (e.g., 16p11.2, 15q13.2, 2q13.3)

• Infectious:

  • Known active CNS infection
  • Evidence of uncontrolled infection based on records or clinical assessment
  • HIV positivity

• 4 Medical:

  • Known metabolic disorder
  • Known mitochondrial dysfunction
  • History of unstable epilepsy or uncontrolled seizure disorder, Lennox Gastaut syndrome, Dravet syndrome, or other similar epileptic encephalopathy
  • Concurrent genetic or acquired disease or comorbidity(ies) that could require a future stem cell transplant
  • Significant sensory (e.g., blindness, deafness, uncorrected hearing impairment) or motor (e.g., cerebral palsy) impairment
  • Evidence of clinically relevant physical dysmorphology indicative of a genetic syndrome as assessed by the PIs or other investigators, including a medical geneticist and psychiatrists trained in identifying dysmporphic features associated with neurodevelopmental conditions.

• Current/Prior Therapy:

  • History of prior cell therapy
  • Current or prior use of IVIG or other anti-inflammatory medications with the exception of NSAIDs
  • No systemic steroid therapy that has lasted >2 weeks, and no systemic steroids within 3 months prior to enrollment. Topical and inhaled steroids are permitted.

Yes data set of the baseline of the children, the quantity of cord blood transfusion they received and the clinical followup information.

within 2 years from the end of data collection

The randomization will be done by external source and the assignment will disclosed to cord bank bank only. They will produce either a cord blood or placebo unit which will be completely covered. Each unit will have its own index number that will be documented by the research coordinator. Neither the researcher or the family will know the nature of the unit.