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Typically, the rhomboid minor muscles rise from the C7-T1 spinous process and run downward to touch the upper inner corner of the scapula, and the rhomboid major muscles rise from the T2-T5 spinous process and run downward to reach the lower middle inner corner of the scapula. In anatomical research articles, it has been reported that the rhomboid muscle's anatomical variations are rare. Considering the characteristics of these rhomboid muscles, the investigators planned a study on the utility of rhomboid muscles as a landmark for identifying thoracic spine levels.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | Experimental | Ultrasound scanning of the rhomboid muscle |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ultrasound imaging & fluoroscopic confirmation | Procedure | The researchers use ultrasound to scan the left and right sides of the paravertebral sagittal imaging to identify trapezius, semispinalis, erector spinae muscle, transverse process and rhomboid muscle. The radiopaque marker is attached respectively to the skin of the inferior margin of the rhomboid muscle on the left and right thoracic spinal spines. Then, as the first step for the scheduled nerve block to the patient, thoracic vertebra level verification using C-arm is performed. At this time, left and right level of the transverse process of thoracic spine marked with the radiopaque marker are confirmed and recorded. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Ultrasound-guided Thoracic Spinal Level | Thoracic vertebra level of radiopaque marker labeled on the rhomboid muscle inferior margin on C-arm | during the procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Changes in marker position when raised the arm above the head and in a relaxed position | during the procedure | |
| 2. Rhomboid muscle variation | The presence of rhomboid muscle fusion | during the procedure |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35289904 | Derived | Jung H, Bae J, Kim J, Yoo Y, Lee HJ, Rho H, Han AH, Moon JY. Can the Rhomboid Major Muscle Be Used to Identify the Thoracic Spinal Segment on Ultrasonography? A Prospective Observational Study. Pain Med. 2022 Sep 30;23(10):1670-1678. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac043. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013896 | Thoracic Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019220 | High-Energy Shock Waves |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000069453 | Ultrasonic Waves |
| D013016 | Sound |
| D011840 | Radiation, Nonionizing |
| D011827 | Radiation |
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|
| 3. Visibility grade of muscle fascia using Ultrasound (I - IV) | A. Grade I: Definitely visible B. Grade II: Somewhat visible C. Grade III: Barely visible D. Grade IV: Not visible | during the procedure |
| 4. Depth: The distance from the skin where the marker is attached to the transverse process of thoracic spine | during the procedure |
| 5. Difference between left and right sides | The distance between left and right inferior thoracic spine attachment site of rhomboid muscle | during the procedure |
| D055585 |
| Physical Phenomena |