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Pain of breast surgery is due to chest wall scar and arm in some cases like carcinoma or due to nerve injury.It is neuropathic or nociceptive pain.Its severity is depending on the extent of surgery and the radiotherapy if needed.
Previous studies proved that local nerve block procedures improved the immediate postoperative pain and decreased the incidence of postoperative pain chronicity .
Also effective control of pain suppresses the surgical stress response minimizes the anaesthestic needs intraoperatively and decreases the opioid needs postoperatively .
Pectoralis nerve(pecs) II block and erector spinae plane (ESP) block are novel procedures that may provide good intraoperative and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing surgical treatment of gynecomastia.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Modified Pectoral Plane (PECSII ) block (P) | Active Comparator | done after induction of general anaesthesia in supine position of the patient with his arm of the side of the operation abducted 90 degree with the probe with frequency L4-12t (Logiq e machine) at the midclavicular level and angled infero-laterally,the axillary artery and vein and the second rib identified the probe moved laterally until the pectoralis minor and serratus anterior are identified,the local anesthetic was injected at two points using (echoplext guge20 length 50 mm ) needle:the first injection of 10 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 4 mg dexamethasone injected between the pectoralis major and minor muscles,and the second injection of 20 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 4 mg dexamethasone between the pectoralis minor and serratus anterior muscles . |
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| Erector Spinae Plane ( ESP )block (E) | Active Comparator | after induction of general anaesthesia in lateral position of the patient where the surgical side up and at T4 level the probe with frequency L4-12t (Logiq e machine) placed lateral to the spine by 3 cm in parasagittal plane the needle (echoplext guge20 length 50 mm ) advanced between the transverse process and the erector spinae muscle at that level 20 ml of 0.25% Bupivacaine and 8 mg dexamethasone injected. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PECS II versus ESP | Procedure | compare between :ultrasound guided Pectoralis nerve(pecs) II block or erector spinae plane (ESP) block in surgical treatment for gynecomastia patients under general anaesthesia. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| intraoperative analgesia | measurement of intraoperative mean blood pressure (mmHg) | 60-120 minuets |
| intraoperative analgesia | measurement of heart rate (beat /min) | 60-120 minuets |
| intraoperative analgesia | measurement of bispectral index score | 60-120 minuets |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| postoperative analgesia | evaluation of postoperative visual analogue scaleusing a ruler graded from 0 to 100 mm,where 0=no pain and 100=the worst imaginable pain measured in postanaesthesia care unit and every 6hours for 24 h postoperative. | 24 hours |
| postoperative analgesia |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zagazig university | Zagazig | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006177 | Gynecomastia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001941 | Breast Diseases |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
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time interval till first analgesic request (minuets) |
| 24 hours |
| postoperative analgesia | total opioid consumption (mg) | 24 hours |