Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Circumcision is a common procedure in infants, children and young people around the world for cultural, religious or medical reasons. Since this is a painful procedure, it is performed under local anesthesia or general anesthesia. It is recommended to perform this procedure under local anesthesia if there is no risk. Although local anesthesia is used during the procedure, pain and anxiety levels of children may increase. Distraction methods are commonly used and effective methods to reduce pain and anxiety during painful procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tablet playing during circumcision on pain and anxiety in school age children.
Circumcision is a common procedure in the worldwide. To our knowledge, although there have been several randomized controlled trials using video and game techniques, which are distractions to reduce pain and anxiety during painful procedures, no randomized controlled trials using playing the game with Tablet to reduce pain and anxiety during circumcision have been found. Non-pharmacological studies, such as play therapy, are needed to reduce pain and anxiety in school-age children undergoing circumcision under local anesthesia. The aim of this study is to provide evidence about the effectiveness of playing the game with Tablet used to reduce pain and anxiety during circumcision, and to contribute to nursing care in pain management.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tablet group | Experimental | The Tablet group played the game with Tablet during the whole circumcision. |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | The control group did not play game with Tablet during the procedure. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tablet group | Other | Children in the Tablet group started to play the game with Tablet about 5-10 minutes before circumcision, and continued to play the game during the whole procedure. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| change on pain intensity as measured by Visual Analog Scale | The average score change on pain intensity as measured by Visual Analog Scale. This scale is an unidimensional measure commonly used to measure pain intensity. The scale is a measuring tool with length of 0-10 cm (0-100 mm). High scores on the scale indicate that pain intensity is high. | "5-10 minutes before procedure", "during procedure" and "5 minutes after" circumcision. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| score change on anxiety level as measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children | The average score change on anxiety level as measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. This scale is used to measure anxiety. The scores on the scale ranges from 20 to 60. The high scores on the scale indicate that anxiety is high. | "5-10 minutes before procedure" and "5 minutes after procedure" circumcision. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Elif Gezginci, RN, PhD | Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Health Sciences | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Hussein HA. Effect of active and passive distraction on decreasing pain associated with painful medical procedures among school aged children. World Journal of Nursing Sciences 1(2): 13-23, 2015. | ||
| 27294708 | Background | Liguori S, Stacchini M, Ciofi D, Olivini N, Bisogni S, Festini F. Effectiveness of an App for Reducing Preoperative Anxiety in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Aug 1;170(8):e160533. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0533. Epub 2016 Aug 1. | |
| 22959557 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Background |
| Polat F, Tuncel A, Balci M, Aslan Y, Sacan O, Kisa C, Kayali M, Atan A. Comparison of local anesthetic effects of lidocaine versus tramadol and effect of child anxiety on pain level in circumcision procedure. J Pediatr Urol. 2013 Oct;9(5):670-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.07.022. Epub 2012 Sep 7. |
| Background | Rizalar S, Tural Buyuk E, Yildirim N. Children's perspectives on the medical and cultural aspects of circumcision. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 27(2): 1-7, 2017. |
| 26526331 | Background | Wilson-Smith EM. Procedural Pain Management in Neonates, Infants and Children. Rev Pain. 2011 Sep;5(3):4-12. doi: 10.1177/204946371100500303. |
| 22926180 | Background | American Academy of Pediatrics Task Force on Circumcision. Circumcision policy statement. Pediatrics. 2012 Sep;130(3):585-6. doi: 10.1542/peds.2012-1989. Epub 2012 Aug 27. |