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The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Valsalva maneuver as non pharmacological approach and control in reducing pain during spinal injection.
This was an experimental study on 70 subjects with 35 subjects treated with Valsalva maneuver and 35 subjects treated as control from January to April 2019. Research subjects were female who underwent brachytherapy for the first time with spinal anesthesia. The effectiveness in reducing pain was assessed by using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and patient movement during the surgery.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Valsalva Maneuver | Active Comparator | Patient will do valsalva maneuver for 20 seconds |
|
| control | Placebo Comparator | Patient will do nothing |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valsalva maneuver | Other | pressure during Valsalva maneuver was measure using sphygmomanometer |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain measurement during injection with VAS score | Pain degree was measured with VAS score [0 equals to no pain whereas 10 equals to the maximum pain] | 30 seconds |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient movement | Investigator observes patient movement during the first spinal injection | 30 seconds |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Alfan M Nugroho, MD | Indonesia University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital | Jakarta Pusat | DKI Jakarta | 10430 | Indonesia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15549987 | Result | Calthorpe N. The history of spinal needles: getting to the point. Anaesthesia. 2004 Dec;59(12):1231-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03976.x. | |
| 26885298 | Result | Kumar S, Gautam SK, Gupta D, Agarwal A, Dhirraj S, Khuba S. The effect of Valsalva maneuver in attenuating skin puncture pain during spinal anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2016 Feb;69(1):27-31. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2016.69.1.27. Epub 2016 Jan 28. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014636 | Valsalva Maneuver |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006334 | Heart Function Tests |
| D003935 | Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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| Control | Other | patient was not given any intervention |
|
| 16192551 | Result | Agarwal A, Sinha PK, Tandon M, Dhiraaj S, Singh U. Evaluating the efficacy of the valsalva maneuver on venous cannulation pain: a prospective, randomized study. Anesth Analg. 2005 Oct;101(4):1230-1232. doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000167270.15047.49. |
| 28526468 | Result | Cigdem UK, Sevinc S, Esef B, Sureyya O, Muzaffer G, Akif D. [A comparison of three different needles used for spinal anesthesia in terms of squamous epithelial cell transport risk]. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2017 Sep-Oct;67(5):468-471. doi: 10.1016/j.bjan.2017.04.011. Epub 2017 May 16. Portuguese. |
| 26662857 | Result | Pstras L, Thomaseth K, Waniewski J, Balzani I, Bellavere F. The Valsalva manoeuvre: physiology and clinical examples. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2016 Jun;217(2):103-19. doi: 10.1111/apha.12639. Epub 2016 Jan 5. |
| D012129 | Respiratory Function Tests |
| D003948 | Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System |
| D006439 | Hemodynamics |
| D002320 | Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena |
| D002943 | Circulatory and Respiratory Physiological Phenomena |
| D012143 | Respiratory Physiological Phenomena |