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The aim of the study was to investigate the possible relationship about blood gas and bleeding disorders in healthy volunteers of blasters and no blasters groups of the Italian National Mountain and Cave Rescue who handled nitrogen compounds and nitroglycerine and then they were exposed to combustion products from an accidental uncontrolled detonation of micro-charges during a cave unblocking procedure.
This was a field report of clinical data collected during an accidental uncontrolled detonation of micro-charges, while the cave unblocking procedure was performed by volunteers of blaster group and non blasters group of the Italian National Mountain and Cave Rescue, in a cave in Trieste (Italy; altitude entrance: 348 meters above sea level; total length: 413,5 meters; total depth of 307 meters).
Before going into the cave (Time 0), the following clinical data were collected: age, sex, body mass index; smoke (yes/no), heart rate, arterial blood pressure (mean arterial pressure), oxygen saturation measured with pulse oxymetry, epitympanic temperature, blood gases analyses and the haemostasis measures.
After the accidental uncontrolled detonation of micro-charges, (Time 1) heart rate, arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation measured with pulse oxymetry, epitympanic temperature, blood gases analyses and the haemostasis measures were recorded in each volunteers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blasters group | The volunteers of the blasters group of Italian Mountain and Cave Rescue handled explosive with nitrogen compounds and nitroglycerin of micro-charges, before the accidental uncontrolled detonation. |
| |
| Not blasters group | The volunteers of the blasters group of Italian Mountain and Cave Rescue did not handle explosive with nitrogen compounds and nitroglycerin of micro-charges, before the accidental uncontrolled detonation. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arterial blood gas analyses and haemostasis measures | Diagnostic Test | Under aseptic conditions, a puncture of radial artery was performed: three mL of the arterial blood sample were used for the haemostasis measure, while one mL was tested for the blood gases analysis. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline arterial blood gases analysis at 2 hours | Under aseptic conditions, a puncture of radial artery was performed: one mL was tested for the blood gases analysis, by using i-STAT analyser. | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave |
| Change from baseline haemostasis analysis at 2 hours | Under aseptic conditions, a venipuncture was performed: three mL of blood sample were used for the haemostasis measure, by using Rotational Thromboelastometry | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline heart rate at 2 hours | Haert rate was recorded by using a multiparametric monitor | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave |
| Change from baseline arterial blood pressure at 2 hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Healthy volunteers of Blasters and No Blasters Group of the Italian National Mountain and Cave Rescue
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Emiliano Petrucci, MD | San Salvatore Academic Hospital | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barbara Pizzi | Avezzano | 67051 | Italy |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020141 | Hemostatic Disorders |
| D013927 | Thrombosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D006474 | Hemorrhagic Disorders |
| D006402 | Hematologic Diseases |
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Arterial blood pressure was recorded by using a multiparametric monitor |
| 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave |
| Change from baseline pulse oxymetry at 2 hours | Pulse oxymetry was recorded by using a multiparametric monitor | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave |
| Change from baseline epitympanic temperature at 2 hours | Epitympanic temperature was measured by using epitympanic probe | 10 minutes before going in to the cave and two hours after the volunteers come out from the cave |
| D006425 |
| Hemic and Lymphatic Diseases |
| D016769 | Embolism and Thrombosis |