Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Tiotropium and Olodaterol in Comparison to Triple Therapy

Effectiveness and Safety of Maintenance Treatment With Combination of Tiotropium and Olodaterol in Comparison to Maintenance Treatment With a Combination of Inhaled Corticosteroids, Long-acting β2 Agonists and Long-acting Muscarinic Antagonists in COPD Patients

To assess the comparative effectiveness of combination Tiotropium and Olodaterol (Tio+Olo) (FDC) compared to combination LAMA/LABA and ICS (fixed or open), and to explore whether this varies across COPD sub populations defined by exacerbation risk

Inclusion Criteria:

• New users of Tio+Olo on the same date or of LABA, LAMA and ICS, either as a fixed-dose combination (LABA/LAMA/ICS) or free combination (LABA/ICS + LAMA, etc), on the same date between January 2013 and March 2019.
• Diagnosis of COPD prior to first maintenance inhaler and age ≥ 40 years at index date

Exclusion Criteria:

• Less than one year of medical history information prior to the date of combined treatment initiation (index date)
• Lung cancer, interstitial lung disease, or lung transplantation at any time prior to the index date
• Asthma diagnosis within one year prior to the index date