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Before inclusion in the trial. Careful medical history and medication use will be asked. Once included, 5 healthy subjects non-invasive ventilation(V60, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) will be administered at a level of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 4 cmH2O and without additional inspiratory support. Inspiratory support will then increase by 2 cmH2O every 2 minutes until 8 cmH2O is achieved for 2 minutes. The energy expenditure is measured using indirect calorimetry (Q-NRG®, Cosmed, Italy). To measure respiratory effort, the reversed RPE-scale was created for the purpose of the study. It uses the validated "rate of perceived exertion" scale (RPE-scale) which was altered by adding a reversed part. This could result in a score of -10 (no respiratory effort) until +10 ( maximal respiratory effort) where 0 represents the basal respiratory condition. Monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output will be done ( Nexfin®, BMEYE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
After termination of the study clinical observation by principal investigator or co-investigator will be done for 15 minutes or until all side effects have worn off. If no side effects are observed, subjects will be released.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| non-invasive ventilation | Experimental | All subjects will be submitted to non-invasive ventilation with different settings. During the whole period indirect calorimetry will be performed and haemodynamic parameters will be monitored using a non-invasive device. Reversed combined RPE scale will be asked on a regular base. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-invasive ventilation | Device | non-invasive ventilation will be performed on every subjects |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Energy expenditure | in kcal/day Energy expenditure will be measured using indirect calorimetry during different settings of non invasive ventilation | during non-invasive ventilation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| reversed combined rate of perceived exertion scale | no unit, range: [-10 , +10] based on an existing scale of perceived exertion, a reverse part was added to be able to measure an improvement of respiratory exercise compared to normal state. | during non-invasive ventilation |
| respiratory rate |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Joop Jonckheer, MD | Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universitair ziekenhuis Brussel | Jette | Brussels Capital | 1090 | Belgium |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D063087 | Noninvasive Ventilation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012121 | Respiration, Artificial |
| D058109 | Airway Management |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D012138 | Respiratory Therapy |
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in breaths/min |
| during non-invasive ventilation |
| systolic and diastolic bloodpressure | in mmHg | during non-invasive ventilation |
| cardiac output | in liter/min | during non-invasive ventilation |
| CO2 production of the body ( VCO2) | in ml/min | during non-invasive ventilation |
| O2 consumption of the body (VO2) | in ml/min | during non-invasive ventilation |
| Respiratory quotient | no unit | during non-invasive ventilation |