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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| HUM00167885 | Other Identifier | University of Michigan IRB |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| World Health Organization | OTHER |
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The Apple Hearing Study is a partnership between the University of Michigan and Apple to study sound exposure and its impact on hearing health. This groundbreaking study will advance the understanding of how hearing could be impacted over time by exposure to sound at certain levels. The investigators will measure headphone and environmental sound exposures over time among participants, and determine how these exposures impact hearing and stress levels. US residents who own an iPhone, download the Apple Research app and consent to participate will be randomly assigned to two groups, one with a "Basic" user interface in the Research app, and one with an "Advanced" user interface. Users in the "Advanced" group will receive additional information about their exposures and be given additional surveys and hearing tests based on their music and environmental sound exposures. The study will provide investigators with a better understanding of listening behavior and its overall impact on hearing health. This information will in turn help guide public health policy and prevention programs designed to protect and promote hearing health in the US and globally.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort | Participants will be asked to read and sign the study ICF within the app if they agree and are willing to participate. After providing informed consent to participate, participants will be directed to select which data they want to share from the Health App via HealthKit and SensorKit to the Research app. All Research app users are asked to complete contact information and demographic questions that may be common across multiple Research app studies, such as age, race, sex, location of residence, and socioeconomic status. Participants will be asked to complete surveys approximately every other month for a total of about 1.5 hours over the entire year. Participants will be asked to complete three types of hearing tests 2-6 times per year; Interactive Tinnitus Tasks, Pure Tone Audiometry, and Speech in Noise. Participants will also be requested to complete brief on-demand surveys following high sound level measurements from headphones or the watch, at most monthly. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Headphone audio level patterns | For the entire cohort over various timeframes | From enrollment to the end of followup at 10 years |
| Difference in Headphone Audio Level patterns | This will include assessment of sound pressure level and time at baseline and over the duration of the study. | From enrollment to the end of followup at 10 years |
| Association between Headphone Audio Level patterns and Pure Tone Audiometry | Analysis will occur for each tested frequency (dB HL at 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4kHz, and 8 kHz assessed for both ears) for both ears at baseline and over the duration of the study. | From enrollment to the end of followup at 10 years |
| Association between Headphone Audio Level patterns and Speech in Noise | Analysis will assess the speech recognition threshold and it's relationships with HAL at baseline and over the duration of the study | From enrollment to the end of followup at 10 years |
| Association between Headphone Audio Level patterns and tinnitus matching | At baseline and over the duration of the study | From enrollment to the end of followup at 10 years |
| Association between general health and individual characteristics and sound levels and/or audiometry tasks | Headphone Audio Levels will be assessed as the sound level and the audiometry tasks assessed will be Pure Tone Audiometry, Speech in Noise, and tinnitus matching | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in Environmental Sound Level Patterns | Including sound pressure level and time at baseline and over the duration of the study. This outcome is only among participants that use Apple Watch. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Association between Headphone Audio Levels and Environmental Sound Level patterns |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Impact of hearing ability on other related aspects of health | Health includes things such as activity, cognition, mental health, mobility, sleep, health conditions, and health outcomes. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Assess novel versions of hearing assessments |
Inclusion Criteria:
Age ≥ 18 years at time of eligibility screening, ascertained from self-reported date of birth. Potential subjects in the states of Alabama and Nebraska must be 19 or older (legal age of consent in these states), and 21 and older for any subjects in Puerto Rico.
Live in the United States of America at time of eligibility screening, ascertained from self-report.
Proficient in written and spoken English, defined by self-report.
Participants must NOT share their iCloud account, iPhone or other devices such as Apple Watch with anyone else as this would make it challenging for researchers to use their information.
Possession of the following, ascertained from automatic hardware/software/device pairing check:
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Adults age 18 or older that live in the U.S. or U.S. territories and have iPhone with the Research app installed.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Richard L Neitzel, PhD, MS, CIH | University of Michigan | Principal Investigator |
| Lauren M Smith, MS, MPH | University of Michigan | Study Director |
| Joyce M Daniels, MA | University of Michigan | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Michigan School of Public Health | Ann Arbor | Michigan | 48109 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Result | Smith LM, Wang L, Mazur K, Carchia M, DePalma G, Azimi R, Mravca S, and Neitzel RL. Impacts of COVID-19-related social distancing measures on personal environmental sound exposures. Environmental Research Letters. Oct 2020. 15.10: 104094. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abb494 | ||
| 35364926 | Result | Neitzel RL, Smith L, Wang L, Green G, Block J, Carchia M, Mazur K, DePalma G, Azimi R, Villanueva B. Toward a better understanding of nonoccupational sound exposures and associated health impacts: Methods of the Apple Hearing Study. J Acoust Soc Am. 2022 Mar;151(3):1476. doi: 10.1121/10.0009620. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| UM Study Website | View source |
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N/A - no plan to share
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006317 | Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced |
| D034381 | Hearing Loss |
| D014012 | Tinnitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006319 | Hearing Loss, Sensorineural |
| D006311 | Hearing Disorders |
| D004427 | Ear Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |
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| Change from baseline to final audiometry | Including both Pure Tone Audiometry and Speech in Noise | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Change from baseline in abbreviated Pure Tone Audiometry following high headphone audio level notification | This comparison will occur for two frequencies (1 kHz and 4 kHz for both ears) within 24 hours of acute loud Headphone Audio Level exposure (LEQ equivalent to >97 dBA for >30 minutes) | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Headphone Audio Level association with baseline survey questions | This will includes questions about typical headphone us, typical environmental exposures, and hearing ability. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Baseline Audiometry association with baseline survey questions | Baseline Audiometry includes both Pure Tone Audiometry and Speech in Noise. Survey questions include those regarding typical headphone use, typical environmental exposures, and hearing ability. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Final Audiometry association with end-of-study survey questions | Final Audiometry includes Pure Tone Audiometry and Speech in Noise. The end-of-study survey questions include typical headphone use, typical environmental exposures, and hearing ability. | At the end of followup after 10 years |
| Change in survey questions | Survey questions regarding exposure changes over the course of the study | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Association between hearing ability and changes in hearing health and related health conditions | Hearing ability is evaluated both as perceived and evaluated. Changes in hearing health include audiometry and tinnitus. Related health conditions include items such as cognition, sleep, mental health, activity, mobility, and more. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Descriptive assessment of participant use and experience | Experience with hearing related tools and device | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
This outcome is only among participants that use Apple Watch. |
| From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Association between Environmental Sound Level patterns and Pure Tone Audiometry. | At baseline and over the duration of the study. This outcome is only among Participants that use Apple Watch. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Association between Environmental Sound Level patterns and Speech in Noise | At baseline and over the duration of the study. This outcome is only among Participants that use Apple Watch. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Association between Environmental Sound Level patterns and tinnitus matching task | At baseline and over the duration of the study. This outcome is only among Participants that use Apple Watch. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Association between general health and personal characteristics and sound levels and hearing tasks | Sound levels include Environmental Sound Levels. Hearing tasks includes Pure Tone Audiometry, Speech in Noise, and Tinnitus matching. This outcome is only among Participants that use Apple Watch. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Change from baseline in abbreviated Pure Tone Audiometry following loud environmental noise notification | This assessment will be for two frequencies (1 kHz and 4 kHz for both ears) tested within 24 hours of acute loud Environmental Sound Level exposure (LEQ equivalent to >97 dBA for >30 minutes). This outcome is only among Participants that use Apple Watch. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Assess reported participant experience | Experience will be assessed via survey delivered with a notification after a prolonged loud environmental sound level exposure (LEQ equivalent to >80 dBA for >40 hours). This outcome is only among Participants that use Apple Watch. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Association between heart rate measures and Headphone Audio Level patterns | This will include heart rate during activity (as assessed by logged Workouts and Active Energy trends by Watch). This outcome is only among participants that use Apple Watch. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| Association between heart rate measures and Environmental Sound Level patterns | This includes heart rate during activity (as assessed by logged Workouts and Active Energy trends by Watch). This outcome is only among participants that use Apple Watch. | From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
These assessments will be delivered using Research app. This may include different variations of speech in noise, pure tone audiometry, and related assessments such as evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE). |
| From enrollment to the end of followup after 10 years |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |