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Emotion regulation difficulties appear to play a role in the development and maintenance of several eating disorders. This pilot study aims at examining whether a short add-on group skills training in emotion regulation for young adults with different eating disorders is feasible in a psychiatric clinical setting. We also investigate if the treatment increases knowledge of emotions, and decreases self-reported difficulties with emotion regulation, alexithymia, symptoms of eating disorder, anxiety and depression, as well as clinical impairment.
Six skills training groups were piloted with a total of 29 participants (M = 21.41 years, SD = 1.92). The treatment consists of five sessions dealing with psychoeducation about emotions and emotion regulation skills training. Paired samples t-test was used to compare differences between before-and-after measures.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adjunctive Emotion Regulation Skills Training | Experimental | Participants will receive a 5 session once a week group emotion regulation skills training adjacent to treatment as usual provided by the eating disorder unit at the child and adolescent psychiatric clinic, Linköping, Sweden. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| An Adjunctive Emotion Regulation Skills Training | Behavioral | The adjunctive emotion regulation skills training is delivered in a group format once a week during 5 weeks to young adults with eating disorders together with treatment as usual |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale measures difficulties with emotion regulation. It contains a total of 36 items that are rated on a Likert scale between 1-5. Total score ranges between 36-180 with higher scores indicating more difficulties with emotion regulation. The scale has 6 subscales: nonacceptance (ranging from 6-30); goals (ranging from 5-25); impulse (ranging from 6-30); awareness (ranging from 6-30); strategies (ranging from 8-40) and clarity (ranging from 5-25). | Change from baseline at 5 weeks |
| Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) | Toronto Alexithymia Scale measures alexithymia. It contains a total of 20 items with 3 subscales (difficulties describing feelings: 7 items ranging from 7-35, difficulties identifying feelings: 5 items ranging from 5-25 and externally oriented thinking: 8 items ranging from 8-40). Total scores range from 20-100 with higher scores indicating higher levels of alexithymia. | Change from baseline at 5 weeks |
| Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). | The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) is the self-report version of Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and measures the characteristics of eating disorders. The 6.0 version used in this study consists of 28 items. EDE-Q is scored on a 7-point Likert scale, from "no days" to "every day" and higher scores indicate higher eating pathology. The total score ranges from 0-196. The questionnaire comprises a total scale and subscales for restraint, eating concerns, shape concerns and weight concerns. | Change from baseline at 5 weeks |
| The Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire (CIA) | The Clinical Impairment Assessment Questionnaire (CIA) measures the psychosocial impairment of eating disorders. It focuses on the last 28 days and consists of 16 items, graded on a Likert scale from "Not at all" to "A lot". Higher scores indicate higher level of secondary psychosocial impairment and the total scores ranges from 0-48. The CIA is designed to be completed immediately after filling in a measure of current eating disorder features that covers the same time frame (e.g., the EDE-Q). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Montgomery Ã…sberg Depression Rating Scale, self-report version (MADRS-S). | Montgomery Ã…sberg Depression Rating Scale measures symptoms of depression. Its main purpose is to monitor the development of symptoms during treatment. The scale consists of 9 items, which are graded from zero to six. Total scores range from 0-54. Higher scores indicate higher level of depression symptoms. | Change from baseline at 5 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Participant eligibility is based on biological sex.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Maria Zetterqvist, PhD | Region Östergötland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region Ostergotland BUP-kliniken | Linköping | 581 85 | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32266070 | Derived | Holmqvist Larsson K, Lowen A, Hellerstedt L, Bergcrona L, Salerud M, Zetterqvist M. Emotion regulation group skills training: a pilot study of an add-on treatment for eating disorders in a clinical setting. J Eat Disord. 2020 Apr 3;8:12. doi: 10.1186/s40337-020-00289-1. eCollection 2020. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001068 | Feeding and Eating Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012817 | Signs and Symptoms, Digestive |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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A pilot study without randomization or controlled design
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| Change from baseline at 5 weeks |
| Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) | Beck's Anxiety Inventory measures symptoms of anxiety with 21 items rated on a four-graded scale (0-3). Total scores range from 0-63. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. | Change from baseline at 5 weeks |