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People receiving a head and neck cancer treatment often do not find an adequate therapeutic response for the side effects derived from this treatment. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a physical recovery program based on manual therapy over these problems.
Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of this type of programs on patients who have had cancer in other locations with clinically relevant results. There is a shortage of proposals for this subgroup of patients that require special attention. This project intends to carry out an experimental randomized controlled study with 84 patients treated of head and neck cancer who will be assigned randomly to the study groups: a) manual therapy program or, b) control group. The assessment refers to a baseline form (at the beginning of the study), at 6 weeks and at 6 months of patient follow-up.
Manual therapy program consists of 3 sessions a week during 6 weeks, with a total of 18 appointments. Measurements are done before starting, after the last intervention and 6 months after finishing the treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manual Therapy | Experimental | Manual Therapy-based intervention |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Patients waiting list |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manual therapy | Other | 40 minutes of physiotherapy, based on manual therapy sessions over 6 weeks. Three times a week. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Health-related quality of life | Questionnaire EORTC QLQ-C30 was used for measuring quality of life | 6 weeks |
| Health-related quality of life - 2 | Questionnaire EORTC QLQ-H&N-35 was used for measuring quality of life specifically in survivors of head and neck cancer | 6 weeks |
| Pain Intensity | Visual Analogue Scale was used for evaluating pain intensity at cervical, temporomandibular joint, face and shoulder levels bilaterally. This consisted of a 10 cm horizontal line with the words "no pain" at the left extreme (0) and "pain as bad as it could be" at the right extreme (10) | 6 weeks |
| Pressure pain thresholds | Pressure algometry (Force Dial DFK 20 analogue algometer, Wagner, Greenwich, USA) was assessed over the temporalis, masseter, upper trapezius and levator scapulae muscles and the C5-C6 zygapophyseal joint, the sternoclavicular joint and the tibialis anterior muscle as a distant reference muscle. | 6 weeks |
| Shoulder and cervical active range of motion | Shoulder active range of motion (AROM) was assessed with a two-arms goniometer joined by a 360º protractor with the patient lying on a supine position. Cervical AROM was measured in a upright sitting position with a range of motion instrument (Performance Attainment Associates, Spine Products) | 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Shoulder pain and disability perception | Shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) was used to evaluate pain and disability perception of the patients at shoulder level. | 6 weeks |
| Isometric handgrip strength |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Carolina Fernández-Lao, PhD | Universidad de Granada | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carolina Fernández Lao | Granada | 18014 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28914087 | Background | De Groef A, Van Kampen M, Vervloesem N, Dieltjens E, Christiaens MR, Neven P, Vos L, De Vrieze T, Geraerts I, Devoogdt N. Effect of myofascial techniques for treatment of persistent arm pain after breast cancer treatment: randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2018 Apr;32(4):451-461. doi: 10.1177/0269215517730863. Epub 2017 Sep 15. | |
| 24817237 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006258 | Head and Neck Neoplasms |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009371 | Neoplasms by Site |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D026201 | Musculoskeletal Manipulations |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
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A digital dynamometer with adjustable grip (TKK 5101 Grip-D; Takei, Tokyo, Japan) was used to assess handgrip strength. Patients were standing in a upright position with the elbow in complete extension. Test was performed 3 times per hand, alternating both hands, with a 1-minute rest between trials.
| 6 weeks |
| Deep cervical flexors endurance | Endurance of deep cervical flexor muscles was assessed with the deep cervical flexor endurance test, with the patient in a supine lying position with the examiner's hands under his/her head and being told to fold the chin completely to the sternum and raising the head as minimum as possible without touching examiner's hands. Time is counted from when the patient lift his/her head until when he/she can no longer maintain the position. | 6 weeks |
| Physical Fitness | International Fitness Scale (IFIS) was used to evaluate perceived physical fitness. It contains 4 physical fitness elements (cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, speed/agility and flexibility) to categorize into 5 options, from very poor to very good | 6 weeks |
| Maximal mouth opening | Mouth opening was evaluated with a sliding calliper measuring the inter-incisor distance asking the patients to open the mouth as maximum as possible | 6 weeks |
| Temporomandibular disorders | The presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) was assessed with the Fonseca Anamneses Index, that classifies TMD as no dysfunction, light dysfunction, moderate dysfunction or severe dysfunction | 6 weeks |
| Perceived fatigue | Piper Fatigue Scale - revised (PFS-r) was used to measure fatigue perception in head and neck cancer patients. It consists of 22 items divided into 4 subscales: behaviour, affection, emotional and cognitive. Each item is evaluated in a Visual Analogue Scale ranging from 0 to 10. | 6 weeks |
| Fatigue | Fatigue perceived at the assessment moment was measured with a Visual Analogue Scale ranging from 0)no fatigue to 10) maximum fatigue perceived | 6 weeks |
| Sleep quality | To evaluate sleep quality, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was the instrument used. It consists of 19 self-rated questions related to sleep quality, including estimates of sleep duration and latency and the frequency and severity of specific sleep-related problems. | 6 weeks |
| Sleeping disorders | Sleeping disorders were evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale rating from 0)no disturbances to 10)impossible to sleep | 6 weeks |
| Anxiety | Perception of anxiety at the assessment moment was measured with a Visual Analogue Scale rating from 0)no anxiety to 10)maximum anxiety perceived | 6 weeks |
| Swallowing function | Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) was used to evaluate self-reported swallowing impairments. It is a 5 point Likert scale rating from no impairment to severe problem. The sum of all items contained on the questionnaire is used as the overall score, suggesting an abnormal swallowing when score is higher than 3 | 6 weeks |
| Swallowing difficulty | A Visual Analogue Scale was used to register swallowing difficulties, ranging from 0)no problems to 10)impossible to swallow | 6 weeks |
| Sheikh A, Shallwani H, Ghaffar S. Postoperative shoulder function after different types of neck dissection in head and neck cancer. Ear Nose Throat J. 2014 Apr-May;93(4-5):E21-6. |
| 19267734 | Background | Oz B, Memis A. Development of musculoskeletal complaints and functional disabilities in patients with laryngeal carcinoma after neck dissection sparing spinal accessory nerve. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2009 Mar;18(2):179-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.00950.x. No abstract available. |
| 25108356 | Background | Binczak M, Navez M, Perrichon C, Blanchard D, Bollet M, Calmels P, Couturaud C, Dreyer C, Espitalier F, Testelin S, Albert S, Moriniere S; SFORL Work Group. Management of somatic pain induced by head-and-neck cancer treatment: definition and assessment. Guidelines of the French Oto-Rhino-Laryngology- Head and Neck Surgery Society (SFORL). Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2014 Sep;131(4):243-7. doi: 10.1016/j.anorl.2014.07.003. Epub 2014 Aug 6. |
| 22958507 | Background | Cantarero-Villanueva I, Fernandez-Lao C, Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Lopez-Barajas IB, Del-Moral-Avila R, de la-Llave-Rincon AI, Arroyo-Morales M. Effectiveness of water physical therapy on pain, pressure pain sensitivity, and myofascial trigger points in breast cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Pain Med. 2012 Nov;13(11):1509-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01481.x. Epub 2012 Sep 7. |
| 3785962 | Background | Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S. The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain. 1986 Oct;27(1):117-126. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(86)90228-9. |
| 15390203 | Background | van Wilgen CP, Dijkstra PU, van der Laan BF, Plukker JT, Roodenburg JL. Shoulder and neck morbidity in quality of life after surgery for head and neck cancer. Head Neck. 2004 Oct;26(10):839-44. doi: 10.1002/hed.20052. |
| 24986588 | Background | Cardoso LR, Rizzo CC, de Oliveira CZ, dos Santos CR, Carvalho AL. Myofascial pain syndrome after head and neck cancer treatment: Prevalence, risk factors, and influence on quality of life. Head Neck. 2015 Dec;37(12):1733-7. doi: 10.1002/hed.23825. Epub 2014 Sep 25. |
| 10484856 | Background | Sist T, Miner M, Lema M. Characteristics of postradical neck pain syndrome: a report of 25 cases. J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999 Aug;18(2):95-102. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(99)00054-8. |
| 27956321 | Background | Gane EM, Michaleff ZA, Cottrell MA, McPhail SM, Hatton AL, Panizza BJ, O'Leary SP. Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for shoulder and neck dysfunction after neck dissection: A systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017 Jul;43(7):1199-1218. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.10.026. Epub 2016 Nov 17. |
| 29770954 | Background | Gane EM, McPhail SM, Hatton AL, Panizza BJ, O'Leary SP. The relationship between physical impairments, quality of life and disability of the neck and upper limb in patients following neck dissection. J Cancer Surviv. 2018 Oct;12(5):619-631. doi: 10.1007/s11764-018-0697-5. Epub 2018 May 16. |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |