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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| A487400 | Other Identifier | UW Madison | |
| L&S/PSYCHOLOGY/PSYCHOLOGY | Other Identifier | UW Madison | |
| Protocol Version 6/10/2022 | Other Identifier | UW Madison |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Mind and Life Institute, Hadley, Massachusetts | OTHER |
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Chronic stress has been shown to impact long-term emotional and physical health. When nearly three-quarters of Americans report stress at levels that exceed what they consider healthy, there is a desperate need to understand factors that contribute to effective stress regulation. This work seeks to develop a measure tied to awareness and acceptance of stress that has shown promise as a predictor of multiple markers of mental and physical well-being, understand how it relates to awareness of the body, and explore whether it can be trained to alleviate suffering and promote well-being. This study aims to 1) Conceptually replicate and extend previous findings linking greater stress-physiology coherence to higher well-being. 2) Assess whether awareness of physiology is associated with stress-physiology coherence. 3) Explore whether stress-physiology coherence can be trained through a brief mindfulness training intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness training | Experimental | Participants will listen to one to two 3-30 minute audio recordings each day for 4 weeks between study visits (28 days total) through the Healthy Minds @Work smartphone app and record when they listen to each recording on a paper log. The app will also collect data on which recordings, when, and for how long participants listen. |
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| Tracking time spent on mobile device | Active Comparator | Participants will record how much time they estimate they have spent on their phone in the past 24 hours, each day for 4 weeks (28 days total) between study visits. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness training | Behavioral | Brief audio recordings discussing mindfulness or guided mindfulness practices. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in subjective stress-heart rate coherence | Within-participant association between repeated measures of subjective stress (1-100 Visual Analog Scale rating) and heart rate over the course of a stress-induction paradigm. Stronger positive associations indicate higher stress-heart rate coherence. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Change in Accuracy on Method of Constant Stimuli (MCS) Interoceptive Accuracy Task | Participants will complete a modified version of the MCS heart beat detection task used by Brener, Ring, and Liu. Participants will be asked to report whether a series of five tones are simultaneous with five of their heart beats. Each trial involves five heart beats. Each heart beat is followed by a tone, and the lag between heart beat and tone is varied across trials with five delay conditions: 0 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms, 300 ms, 400 ms, or 500 ms. Thus, each trial involves five beat-tone pairs, separated according to a single delay condition. Delays will be pseudorandomly presented across trials. Varying delays allow for individual differences in when participants perceive their heart beat. A continuous measure of judgement precision is defined as the participant's interquartile range (IQR) of the distribution of percent of simultaneous responses for each delay condition. IQR ranges from 0 to 450. Lower IQRs indicate more consistent responses and thus higher accuracy. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Sasha Sommerfeldt, M.S. | University of Wisconsin, Madison | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Wisconsin - Madison | Madison | Wisconsin | 53703 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22042290 | Background | Birkett MA. The Trier Social Stress Test protocol for inducing psychological stress. J Vis Exp. 2011 Oct 19;(56):3238. doi: 10.3791/3238. | |
| Background | Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & emotion, 6(3-4), 169-200. | ||
| 15982083 |
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Coded data only may be banked for future use to address research questions not included in this registration.
We may share coded data with other researchers within and outside of UW-Madison, and data may also be used in additional future approved research studies. These studies may include analysis of the information from this study alone or in combination with data collected in other studies.
All data except Protected Health Information may be shared. Data may be shared as Supplemental Information uploaded to a journal website and/or shared on a UW data sharing website. Data sharing would not require any further participation from participants. Participants may withdraw their data from future research by submitting a request in writing to our study team.
Data will become available after Sasha Sommerfeldt's dissertation defense. The study protocol, analysis plan, informed consent form, and analytic code will be shared publicly through the open science framework upon acceptance of a manuscript detailing findings for the main aims of the study. Data will be shared upon request from qualified researchers.
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Participants are randomly assigned after a baseline testing to either a mindfulness intervention or control group.
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Researchers involved in participant testing will not know the participant's group. Researchers conducting data analysis will not know data codes assigned to groups.
| Tracking time spent on mobile device | Behavioral | Participants will record each day how much time they estimate they spent on their smart phone in the past 24 hours. |
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| Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Interoceptive Sensibility measured as the total score on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Version 2 (MAIA-2) | Interoceptive Sensibility measured as the total score on the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness Version 2. Scores range from 0 to 185. Higher scores indicate greater interoceptive sensibility. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Meta-Awareness Measured on a Method of Constant Stimuli Light-Tone Task | Participants will complete a Method of Constant Stimuli (MCS) light-tone task. Participants will be asked to report whether a series of five tones are simultaneous with five light flashes. Each trial involves five light-tone pairs. Each light flash is followed by a tone, and the lag between light flash and tone is varied across trials with five delay conditions: 0 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms, 300 ms, 400 ms, or 500 ms. Thus, each trial involves five light-tone pairs, separated according to a single delay condition. Delays will be pseudorandomly presented across trials. After each trial in the task, participants will be asked how confident they are in their response on a simple likert scale ranging from 1 = not at all confident to 4 = completely confident. Meta-awareness is defined as the correlation between accurate responses (simultaneous judgements at the 0 ms delay) and confidence ratings. Scores thus range from -1 to 1. Higher scores indicate more meta-awareness. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Total (Sum) Score on the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) | Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) total (sum) score. Scores range from 7-49. Greater numbers reflect greater cognitive fusion. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Internal Locus of Control Subscale Total (Sum) Score of the Locus of Control (LOC) | Internal locus of control subscale total (sum) score of the Locus of Control (LOC). Scores range from 0-48 on this subscale. Higher scores indicate greater internal locus of control. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Total (Sum) Score on Psychological Well Being Scale (42-item version) | Total score (sum) on Psychological Well Being Scale (42-item version). Scores range from 42 to 294. Higher scores indicate higher psychological well-being. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Total (Sum) Score on the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) | Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) total (sum) score. Scores ranger from 15 to 90. Higher scores indicate greater experiential avoidance. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Acceptance Subscale Total (Sum) Score of the COPE Questionnaire | Acceptance subscale total (sum) score of the COPE questionnaire. Scores range from 4 to 16. Higher scores indicate more use of acceptance coping. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Denial Subscale Total (Sum) Score of the COPE Questionnaire | Denial subscale total (sum) score of the COPE questionnaire. Scores range from 4 to 16. Higher scores indicate more use of denial coping. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Total (Sum) Score on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory - Revised 20-item (CESD-R-20) | Total score (sum) on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory - Revised 20-item. Scores range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating more depressive symptoms. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Total (Sum) Score on Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory Y2 | Total (Sum) Score on Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory Y2. Scores range from 20-80. Higher scores indicate greater trait anxiety. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Global Score on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | Global score on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Global scores range from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate worse sleep quality. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Total (Sum) Score on Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) | Total (sum) score on Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Scores range from 0 to 40. Higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Nonjudging of Inner Experience Subscale Total (Sum) Score on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | Nonjudging of Inner Experience Subscale Total (Sum) Score on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Scores on this subscale range from 8-40. Higher scores indicate greater nonjudging of inner experience. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Observing Subscale Total (Sum) Score on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) | Observing Subscale Total (Sum) Score on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Scores on this subscale range from 8-40. Higher scores indicate greater observing of experience. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Self-Awareness Subscale Total (Sum) Score on the Emotional Styles Questionnaire (ESQ) | Self-Awareness Subscale Total (Sum) Score on the Emotional Styles Questionnaire (ESQ). Scores on this subscale range from 4-28. Higher scores indicate greater self-awareness. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Difficulty Identifying Feelings Subscale Total (Sum) Score on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) | Difficulty Identifying Feelings Subscale Total (Sum) Score on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20; Bagby, Parker, & Taylor, 1994). Scores range from 20-60. Greater scores indicate stronger alexithymia. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Mean Change in Incremental Mindset Total (Average) Score on the Dweck Mindset Instrument (DWI) | Scores range from 1 to 6. Lower scores indicate more fixed/entity views of intelligence and talent. Higher scores indicate more incremental/malleable views of intelligence and talent. | Baseline and post-test, separated by 4 weeks |
| Background |
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| Background | Darwin, C. (2009). The expression of the emotions in man and animals (P. Ekman, Ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1872) |
| 28080971 | Background | Garfinkel SN, Manassei MF, Hamilton-Fletcher G, In den Bosch Y, Critchley HD, Engels M. Interoceptive dimensions across cardiac and respiratory axes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016 Nov 19;371(1708):20160014. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0014. Epub 2016 Oct 10. |
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| Background | Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Emotion and adaptation. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. |
| Background | Levenson, R. W. (1994). Human emotion: A functional view. In P. Ekman & R. J. Davidson (Eds.), The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions (pp. 123-126). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. |
| Background | Plutchik, R. (1980). Emotion: A psychoevolutionary synthesis. New York, NY: HarperCollins College Division. |
| Background | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychology Measurement, 1, 385-401. |
| Background | Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069-1081. |
| 31188735 | Background | Sommerfeldt SL, Schaefer SM, Brauer M, Ryff CD, Davidson RJ. Individual Differences in the Association Between Subjective Stress and Heart Rate Are Related to Psychological and Physical Well-Being. Psychol Sci. 2019 Jul;30(7):1016-1029. doi: 10.1177/0956797619849555. Epub 2019 Jun 12. |
| Background | Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y) ("Self-Evaluation Questionnaire"). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064866 | Mindfulness |
| D019122 | Meditation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026443 | Spiritual Therapies |
| D012064 | Relaxation Therapy |
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