This study will examine the productivity of the hospital workforce utilizing a unique dataset that is stored at the Royal Wolverhampton Trust (RWT). The data is recorded by a Real Time Location System (RTLS) that tracks the second-by-second physical location of patients, staff, and medical equipment. Using this data, the plan is to measure the amount of time that clinical staff spend with patients and with other clinical staff, and then explore how these measures of contact time influence patient health outcomes. The data will also be used to measure the location and movement of patients during their hospital stay, and test the impact of moving patients between wards on their health outcomes. In light of the recent COVID-19 outbreak, impact of COVID19 on patient contact time, patient outcomes and professional working practices will also be examined.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients admitted to inpatient departments at RWT and are present at RWT during the period of 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2019 inclusive.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients admitted to outpatient wards at RWT;
• Patients that were not admitted at or discharged from RWT between 1 April 2016 to 31 March 2019 inclusive.

All admitted inpatients between 1 April 2016 and 31 March 2019, and all staff members with RTLS badges, at The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust (RWT), Wolverhampton.

No participant data is planned to be shared.