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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Shanghai Children's Medical Center | OTHER |
| BoAi Hospital of Zhongshan | OTHER |
| QuFu People's Hospital | INDIV |
| Inner Mongolia People's Hospital |
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Precocious puberty and childhood overweight and obesity are important public health problems that both had adverse effects, which including psychological symptom in childhood, short final height or reproductive dysfunction in adulthood, on children's physical and psychological development.The prevalence of precocious puberty and childhood overweight and obesity are both high, and a growing body of epidemiological studies suggested that there was a close relationship of childhood overweight and obesity with puberty development, especially in girls. However, the underlying mechanism between them is unclear. Existing evidence shows that the occurrence of precocious puberty and overweight and obesity are the result of interaction of multiple factors, which consists growth environment and genetics, and many previous studies provided that more overlapping genes existed between obesity and precocious puberty patients, suggesting that common genes may result in these diseases. Therefore, based on a case control study, which will investigate the associations between obesity pleiotropic genes and early puberty, the researchers will collect information related to obesity, growth environment factors and risk genes in this study to evaluate the relationships of these related factors and precocious puberty, and to further explore whether there exists biological interaction effects of these risk factors on sexual precocity. This project has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Children's Medical Center.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overweight and obesity group |
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| Non-overweight group |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometric measuring | Device | To divide participants into overweight and obesity and non-overweight group according to their weight status, height (H), weight (W) and waist circumference (WC) will be measured with a uniform tool, which has been calibrated. When measuring the height, the subjects are required to take off their shoes and stand in an upright position. To measuring weight, the subjects are required to wear close-fitting clothes and bare feet. Subjects are required to take the standing position to measure waist circumference horizontally at the mid-point of line between the lower margin of the ribs and the upper margin of the ilium. All those data will be kept one decimal place. Anthropometric measuring will be taken at baseline and follow-up periods. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of precocious puberty | All subjects will accept physician palpation to assess their puberty development stage according to Tanner staging method: Testicular volume will be measure by palpation and a Prader testicular meter and be graded to 1 (< 4 ml) to 5 (> 20 ml) in boys. Breast development will be graded to 1(pre-adolescent) to 5 (fully mature) in girls. Pubic hair development will be graded to 1(pre-adolescent) to 5 (fully mature) in both boys and girls. Precocious puberty will be defined as the onset age of breast development (B2) or pubic hair development (PH2) before 8 years or menarche before 10 years in girls and of PH2 or testicular enlargement (T2) before 9 years in boys. For girls with overweight or obesity, breast ultrasound will be used to discriminate glandular breast and fat tissue. | 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of early puberty | All subjects will accept physician palpation to assess their puberty development stage according to Tanner staging method: Testicular volume will be measure by palpation and a Prader testicular meter and be graded to 1 (< 4 ml) to 5 (> 20 ml) in boys. Breast development will be graded to 1(pre-adolescent) to 5 (fully mature) in girls. Pubic hair development will be graded to 1(pre-adolescent) to 5 (fully mature) in both boys and girls. Early puberty will be defined as children reached a certain puberty stage earlier than the median age of that stage. According to a large Chinese population-based study, the median ages for pubertal stages will be referenced. Moreover, the presence of menarche before 12 years in girls and of voice breaking before 13 years in boys will also be categorized as early puberty. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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A stratified random sample of children over 6 years old from grade 1 to 3 of selected primary schools in three cities in China
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shijian Liu, Ph.D | Contact | 21-38625637 | liushijian@scmc.com.cn |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Shijian Liu, Ph.D | Shanghai Children's Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine | Recruiting | Shanghai | Shanghai Municipality | 200127 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28400459 | Background | Chen C, Zhang Y, Sun W, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Song Y, Lin Q, Zhu L, Zhu Q, Wang X, Liu S, Jiang F. Investigating the relationship between precocious puberty and obesity: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China. BMJ Open. 2017 Apr 11;7(4):e014004. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014004. | |
| 24742263 | Background | Colmenares A, Gunczler P, Lanes R. Higher prevalence of obesity and overweight without an adverse metabolic profile in girls with central precocious puberty compared to girls with early puberty, regardless of GnRH analogue treatment. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol. 2014;2014(1):5. doi: 10.1186/1687-9856-2014-5. Epub 2014 Apr 17. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011629 | Puberty, Precocious |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006058 | Gonadal Disorders |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
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| OTHER |
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| Growth environment evaluation | Other | The information of children' growth environment, including family environment, physical activities, dietary and sleep habits, will be collected by parent-report questionnaire at baseline and follow-up periods. |
|
| 1 year |
| 27072597 | Background | Wang M, Zhang Y, Lan D, Hill JW. The Efficacy of GnRHa Alone or in Combination with rhGH for the Treatment of Chinese Children with Central Precocious Puberty. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 13;6:24259. doi: 10.1038/srep24259. |
| 28366413 | Background | Luke B. Adverse effects of female obesity and interaction with race on reproductive potential. Fertil Steril. 2017 Apr;107(4):868-877. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.02.114. |
| 22318748 | Background | Deng F, Tao FB, Liu DY, Xu YY, Hao JH, Sun Y, Su PY. Effects of growth environments and two environmental endocrine disruptors on children with idiopathic precocious puberty. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 May;166(5):803-9. doi: 10.1530/EJE-11-0876. Epub 2012 Feb 8. |
| 20427487 | Background | Boyne MS, Thame M, Osmond C, Fraser RA, Gabay L, Reid M, Forrester TE. Growth, body composition, and the onset of puberty: longitudinal observations in Afro-Caribbean children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jul;95(7):3194-200. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0080. Epub 2010 Apr 28. |
| 16371114 | Background | Biro FM, Khoury P, Morrison JA. Influence of obesity on timing of puberty. Int J Androl. 2006 Feb;29(1):272-7; discussion 286-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00602.x. Epub 2005 Dec 20. |
| 18245513 | Background | Kaplowitz PB. Link between body fat and the timing of puberty. Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;121 Suppl 3:S208-17. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1813F. |
| 28479386 | Background | Abdel Ghany SM, Sayed AA, El-Deek SEM, ElBadre HM, Dahpy MA, Saleh MA, Sharaf El-Deen H, Mustafa MH. Obesity risk prediction among women of Upper Egypt: The impact of serum vaspin and vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism. Gene. 2017 Aug 30;626:140-148. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.007. Epub 2017 May 4. |
| 29311636 | Background | Grarup N, Moltke I, Andersen MK, Dalby M, Vitting-Seerup K, Kern T, Mahendran Y, Jorsboe E, Larsen CVL, Dahl-Petersen IK, Gilly A, Suveges D, Dedoussis G, Zeggini E, Pedersen O, Andersson R, Bjerregaard P, Jorgensen ME, Albrechtsen A, Hansen T. Loss-of-function variants in ADCY3 increase risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet. 2018 Feb;50(2):172-174. doi: 10.1038/s41588-017-0022-7. Epub 2018 Jan 8. |
| 27313173 | Background | Wasim M, Awan FR, Najam SS, Khan AR, Khan HN. Role of Leptin Deficiency, Inefficiency, and Leptin Receptors in Obesity. Biochem Genet. 2016 Oct;54(5):565-72. doi: 10.1007/s10528-016-9751-z. Epub 2016 Jun 16. |
| 18245510 | Background | Euling SY, Selevan SG, Pescovitz OH, Skakkebaek NE. Role of environmental factors in the timing of puberty. Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;121 Suppl 3:S167-71. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1813C. |
| 5785179 | Background | Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Arch Dis Child. 1969 Jun;44(235):291-303. doi: 10.1136/adc.44.235.291. No abstract available. |
| 5440182 | Background | Marshall WA, Tanner JM. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Arch Dis Child. 1970 Feb;45(239):13-23. doi: 10.1136/adc.45.239.13. |
| 8129431 | Background | Bridges NA, Christopher JA, Hindmarsh PC, Brook CG. Sexual precocity: sex incidence and aetiology. Arch Dis Child. 1994 Feb;70(2):116-8. doi: 10.1136/adc.70.2.116. |
| 10943823 | Background | Lebrethon MC, Bourguignon JP. Management of central isosexual precocity: diagnosis, treatment, outcome. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2000 Aug;12(4):394-9. doi: 10.1097/00008480-200008000-00020. |
| 10022393 | Background | Klein KO. Precocious puberty: who has it? Who should be treated? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Feb;84(2):411-4. doi: 10.1210/jcem.84.2.5533. No abstract available. |
| 22921139 | Background | Sun Y, Tao FB, Su PY, Mai JC, Shi HJ, Han YT, Wang H, Lou XM, Han J, Liu J. National estimates of the pubertal milestones among urban and rural Chinese girls. J Adolesc Health. 2012 Sep;51(3):279-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.019. Epub 2012 Mar 15. |
| 22862548 | Background | Sun Y, Tao F, Su PY; China Puberty Research Collaboration. National estimates of pubertal milestones among urban and rural Chinese boys. Ann Hum Biol. 2012 Nov-Dec;39(6):461-7. doi: 10.3109/03014460.2012.712156. Epub 2012 Aug 6. |
| 22654120 | Background | Ong KK, Bann D, Wills AK, Ward K, Adams JE, Hardy R, Kuh D; National Survey of Health and Development Scientific and Data Collection Team. Timing of voice breaking in males associated with growth and weight gain across the life course. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug;97(8):2844-52. doi: 10.1210/jc.2011-3445. Epub 2012 May 31. |
| 35624438 | Derived | Yu T, Yu Y, Li X, Xue P, Yu X, Chen Y, Kong H, Lin C, Wang X, Mei H, Wang D, Liu S. Effects of childhood obesity and related genetic factors on precocious puberty: protocol for a multi-center prospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2022 May 27;22(1):310. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03350-x. |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |