Treatment strategies in Parkinson's disease (PD) can improve a patient's quality of life but cannot stop the progression of PD. The investigators are looking for different alternatives that modify the natural course of the disease and recent research has demonstrated the neuroprotective properties of erythropoietin. In Cuba, the Center for Molecular Immunology (CIM) is a cutting edge scientific center where the recombinant form (EPOrh) and recombinant human erythropoietin with low sialic acid (NeuroEPO) are produced.

Delivery of therapeutic agents as erythropoietin (EPO) into Central Nervous System through intranasal route could benefit patients with neurological disorders. A new nasal formulation containing a non-hematopoietic recombinant EPO (NeuroEPO) has shown neuroprotective actions in preclinical models and the safety trial of NeuroEPO was evaluated for the first time in humans in Cuba.

The researchers previously conducted a proof of concept clinical trial, administering EPOrh subcutaneously where the neuropsychological performance was measured as a secondary endpoint. This protocol has the register number NCT01010802. Results showed an increased neuropsychological performance of patients after administration as compared to before administration results.

In this protocol two institutions were leading a physician clinical trial.The two institutions: International Center for Neurological Restoration (CIREN from Centro Internacional de Restauracion Neurologica from Spanish) where the recruitment and clinical evaluation of the PD patients will be done and the Center for Molecular Immunology, who was the promoter.

Randomisation will be performed by the CIM to assign the patients to groups. The groups will receive neuroEPO or placebo with identical organoleptic characteristics. The informed consent of all patients will be obtained before the start of the trial after the selection and primary evaluation of the inclusion criteria.

The dose of neuroEPO will be a vial with a dose of 1 mL/1mg administered intra-nasally for five consecutive weeks. The placebo group was administered 1 mL of an intranasal inert solution for the same period of time.

The IBM SPSS Statistics V 21 package will be used for the statistical analysis of the data. The investigators will use tables of frequency analysis and descriptive statistics to analyse the demographic characteristics of the sample.

The analysis of the results obtained will be done studying the differences between quantitative variables for paired and unpaired samples, the Wilcoxon and U of Mann-Whitney tests will be used respectively. For the qualitative variables Chi square (X2) test will be used. All values of p < 0.05 will be considered significant.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient who fulfilled the London Brain Bank's operational criteria for PD
• Willing to participate in the study;
• ≥1 year since disease onset;
• Good response to antiparkinsonian treatment with levodopa (>30% change in motor score on the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease
• no prior poly globulin (hematocrit ≤50%);

Exclusion Criteria:

• Refusal to participate;
• Known hypersensitivity to products derived from eukaryotes or hypersensitivity to human albumin;
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding;
• Hypertension;
• Immunosuppressant, androgen or anabolic steroid treatment in the month prior to recruitment;
• Sepsis or active infection;
• Active acute or chronic inflammatory diseases;
• Haematological diseases, such as sickle cell disease, myelodysplastic syndromes, active clotting or bleeding disorders;
• Malignant tumor or cancer treatment;
• Alcoholism or drug addiction in the two years prior to inclusion assessment.
• Significant cognitive decline as measured by clinical assessment, DRS (Dementia Rating Scale) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).

Randomization will be performed by the promoter institution Centro Inmunologia Molecular from Spanish CIM who assigned the selected patients to two groups neuroEPO and placebo giving a code. The specialists at CIREN didn't have access to the information. Both groups received a vial of the molecule with identical organoleptic characteristics.