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The aim of this study is to investigate whether an internet-based psychological training program will enhance performance and affect mental health related factors in elite ice hockey players. The psychological training program is based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a modern form of Cognitive Behavior Therapy, and is delivered over the internet (hence called "I-ACT"). Elite players in Sweden will be invited before the 2019/2020 season. I-ACT will start for enrolled participants during the first week of October 2019 (30th September- 2nd October depending on the schedule of the particular league; approximately 5 games have then been played in the leagues eligible for participation). I-ACT consists of seven weekly modules/chapters with ACT content and participants also have a psychological trainer in the program that they can contact via a chat function on the web platform. Participants will have completed I-ACT the 17th of November 2019. When I-ACT starts in October, other eligible players will have the opportunity to leave their notice of interest for participation in the study and to take part of I-ACT in a later stage of the season. This concurrent "waiting list" is not a waiting list control group in any sense. It only gives further eligible players the opportunity to enroll in the study for a consecutive start of the psychological training program. I-ACT will start for this second group of players during the last week in november (25th November 2019), and finish I-ACT the 12th January 2020. These two consecutive groups of I-ACT participants will be considered the experimental group. However, due to the length of the ice hockey season the second group will only have follow-up measurements at 1 month for female players (the women's league ends in February 2020) and 2 months for male players (the men's leagues ends in March 2020). Official statistics will be collected from the leagues and enrolled participants will be compared to non-participant players in the leagues to compare the effectiveness of I-ACT on ice hockey performance. Only within-group comparisons will be made for secondary outcome measures.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| I-ACT | Experimental | I-ACT is short for Internet-Acceptance and Commitment Training |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-ACT | Behavioral | An internet-based behavioral psychotherapy intervention to enhance athletic performance in elite ice hockey players. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Objective ice hockey performance data: goals | Scored goals by a player. Data is always aggregated from a 5 game interval into a single score. The statistics will be collected by the official statistic systems for eligible leagues, which in turn will be used in the study. | Pre (aggr. to a single score from 5 games pre),during(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals until end of interv),post(aggr. to a single score from 5 games post), followup(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals up to 4-16 weeks = season ends) |
| Objective ice hockey performance data: assists | Made assists by a player. Data is always aggregated from a 5 game interval into a single score. The statistics will be collected by the official statistic systems for eligible leagues, which in turn will be used in the study. | Pre (aggr. to a single score from 5 games pre),during(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals until end of interv),post(aggr. to a single score from 5 games post), followup(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals up to 4-16 weeks = season ends) |
| Objective ice hockey performance data: total points | Total points by a player (number of goals + assists). Data is always aggregated from a 5 game interval into a single score. The statistics will be collected by the official statistic systems for eligible leagues, which in turn will be used in the study. | Pre (aggr. to a single score from 5 games pre),during(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals until end of interv),post(aggr. to a single score from 5 games post), followup(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals up to 4-16 weeks = season ends) |
| Objective ice hockey performance data: +/- statistics | +/- statistics for a player (number of goals scored and conceded by a team while a certain player is on the ice) . Data is always aggregated from a 5 game interval into a single score. The statistics will be collected by the official statistic systems for eligible leagues, which in turn will be used in the study. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Values, Acceptance and Mindfulness Scale for Ice Hockey (VAMS) | Measures behavioral and psychological flexibility in ice hockey. 11 items. Total range is 11-77. A high value represent a better outcome. Three subscales; Acceptance (5 items, points range 1-35); Values (3 items, points range 1-21); Mindfulness (3 items, points range 1-21). The subscale scores are summed for total score. | Pre-intervention, during(every week for the 7 week interv), post-intervention, and follow up at every 4th week until end of season (up to 4-16 weeks depending on the participants league and if the player is enrolled in the first or second start of I-ACT) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tobias Lundgren, PhD | Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet | Stockholm | Stockholm County | 11364 | Sweden |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Pre (aggr. to a single score from 5 games pre),during(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals until end of interv),post(aggr. to a single score from 5 games post), followup(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals up to 4-16 weeks = season ends) |
| Objective ice hockey performance data: saving percent (only for goalkeepers) | Saving percent (only for goalkeepers). Data is always aggregated from a 5 game interval into a single score. The statistics will be collected by the official statistic systems for eligible leagues, which in turn will be used in the study. | Pre (aggr. to a single score from 5 games pre),during(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals until end of interv),post(aggr. to a single score from 5 games post), followup(aggr. to single scores from 5 game intervals up to 4-16 weeks = season ends) |
| Subjective performance | Players subjective rating of performance. This is a single-item measure developed for this study asking players to rate their own hockey performance during the last week on a scale of 1-10 (1 = extremely poor, 10 = extremely good). | Pre-intervention, during(every week for the 7 week interv), post-intervention, and follow up at every 4th week until end of season (up to 4-16 weeks depending on the participants league and if the player is enrolled in the first or second start of I-ACT) |
| Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life Scale (BBQ) | Measures quality of life. 12 items. Total range is 0-96. A higher value is the better outcome. | Pre-intervention, during intervention (at week 4), post-intervention, and follow up at every 4th week until end of season (up to 4-16 weeks depending on the participants league and if the player is enrolled in the first or second start of I-ACT) |
| Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) | Measures sleep impairment and quality | Pre-intervention, during intervention (at week 4), post-intervention, and follow up at every 4th week until end of season (up to 4-16 weeks depending on the participants league and if the player is enrolled in the first or second start of I-ACT) |
| General Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale | Measures generalised anxiety. 7 items. Total range is 0-21. A low value is the better outcome. | Pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow up at every 4th week until end of season (up to 4-16 weeks depending on the participants league and if the player is enrolled in the first or second start of I-ACT) |