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The goal of this pilot study is to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a family-oriented SMS intervention in 30 Chinese Americans with T2D and their family members. Participants will be randomized to one of 2 arms (n=15 each): 1) wait-list control and 2) SMS intervention. Both groups will continue to receive standard of care treatment for their T2D. The SMS group will receive brief lifestyle counseling videos via SMS links. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos.
Chinese Americans are one of the fastest growing immigrant groups in the US, who suffer disproportionately high type 2 diabetes (T2D) burden and have poorly controlled T2D. Given the high economic and societal burden of T2D and rapid population growth in Chinese Americans, there is an urgent need for research to develop effective interventions to address T2D burden in this population. Recent evidence suggests the importance of involving and empowering family members in diabetes intervention and calls for family intervention. A mobile health approach such as short message service (SMS) might be a promising way to deliver such family-oriented interventions to the target population given prior studies suggests that Chinese Americans often report challenges to attend in-person lifestyle counseling because of long working hours and lack of sick time from work. A SMS-based intervention provides the flexibility of allowing them to view the intervention at a time and place convenient to them. This study will serve as the first step to explore an alternative approach for managing T2D in this group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wait-list Control | Placebo Comparator | Standard of care |
|
| SMS Intervention | Experimental | The SMS group will receive brief lifestyle counseling videos via SMS links. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wait-list control group | Behavioral | For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Videos Watched by Participants | Measure of SMS intervention feasibility. | Up to Month 6 |
| Satisfaction Questionnaire Score | 1-item assessment of satisfaction with the SMS intervention. The item is rated on a scale from 0 (not at all satisfied) to 10 (totally satisfied). The total score is the numerical response; higher scores indicate greater satisfaction. | Month 6 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in HbA1c Level | Participants receive HbA1c blood test at their doctors' office every 3-6 months; HbA1c testing results will be abstracted from the medical record at the participant's health care facility. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Body Weight |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Inclusion criteria for patient participants:
Inclusion criteria for family/friend participants: family/friend participants must
Exclusion Criteria:
Exclusion criteria for both patient and family/friend participants:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lu Hu, PhD | New York Langone Health | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NYU Langone Health | New York | New York | 10016 | United States |
Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices).
Beginning 3 months and ending 5 years following article publication.
Requests should be directed to lu.hu@nyulangone.org. To gain access, data requestors will need to sign a data access agreement.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Wait-list Control - Patients | Standard of care Wait-list control group: For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. |
| FG001 | SMS Intervention - Patients | The SMS group will receive brief lifestyle counseling videos via SMS links. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos. SMS intervention: 2-3 SMS-based diabetes videos will be sent to patients each week for 12 weeks (each video within 10 minutes in duration) to both patients and their family members. Patients and their family members will receive the same intervention videos, including basic information about T2D, importance of diabetes self-management at home, behavioral techniques, and family-oriented sessions. BrainShark will be used to determine whether participants view these,videos. For participants who miss 3 consecutive videos, the study team will follow-up with a phone call to identify barriers to watching the video and remind them to review the video. |
| FG002 | Wait-list Control - Family/Friend | Standard of care Wait-list control group: For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. |
| FG003 | SMS Intervention - Family/Friend | Standard of care Wait-list control group: For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Wait-list Control - Patients | Standard of care Wait-list control group: For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Percentage of Videos Watched by Participants | Measure of SMS intervention feasibility. | Population comprises 10 participants and 10 family members/friends in the SMS Intervention Group. Participants in the Wait-list Control group were not assessed for this outcome measure. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Percentage of videos watched | Up to Month 6 |
|
6 months.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Wait-list Control - Patients | Standard of care Wait-list control group: For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lu Hu | NYU Langone Health | 646-501-3438 | lu.hu@nyulangone.org |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Mar 27, 2021 | Jun 9, 2023 | Prot_SAP_001.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Mar 27, 2021 | Oct 26, 2022 | ICF_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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|
| SMS intervention | Behavioral | 2-3 SMS-based diabetes videos will be sent to patients each week for 12 weeks (each video within 10 minutes in duration) to both patients and their family members. Patients and their family members will receive the same intervention videos, including basic information about T2D, importance of diabetes self-management at home, behavioral techniques, and family-oriented sessions. BrainShark will be used to determine whether participants view these,videos. For participants who miss 3 consecutive videos, the study team will follow-up with a phone call to identify barriers to watching the video and remind them to review the video. |
|
Body weight in pounds (lbs). |
| Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) Score | The DMSES is an 8-item assessment asking participants to rate their confidence level in performing diabetes-specific self-management behaviors, using a 10-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident). The total score is the sum of responses and ranges from 8 to 80; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy. An increase in scores indicates self-efficacy improved during the observational period. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) Score | The SDSCA is a 13-item assessment of participants' adherence to diabetes self-management behaviors. This scale consists of 13 items and asks participate to describe their diabetes self-care activities over the past 7 days. The total score is the sum of responses and ranges from 0 to 91; higher scores indicate greater adherence to self-management behaviors. An increase in scores indicates adherence improved during the observational period. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Diabetes Knowledge Test Scores | 11-item questionnaire assessing diabetes knowledge. The total score is the number of correct responses and ranges from 0-11. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Version MET Score | The IPAQ calculates each participant's metabolic equivalent (MET) score by asking participants the days and minutes exercised in three categories of intensity (vigorous, moderate, and walking) during the previous one week. One metabolic equivalent (MET) is defined as the amount of oxygen consumed while sitting at rest and is equal to 3.5 ml O2 per kg body weight x min. Higher MET scores indicate higher levels of physical activity. An increase in scores indicates physical activity increased during the observational period. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Fruit Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Vegetable Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Refined Grains Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Whole Wheat Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Sugary Drinks Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Starchy Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Diabetes-Specific Support Score | Participants were asked about diabetes-specific support, such as medication taking, healthy diet, physical activity, blood sugar monitoring, stress management, and diabetes management. Higher scores indicate better support. The total score ranges from 4-80; higher scores indicate greater levels of specific. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Emotional Support Short Form v2.0 Score | 4-item assessment of the availability of others with whom they could talk and feel appreciated. The total score ranges from 4 - 20; higher scores indicate greater support. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| Change in Diabetes Distress Scale Score | The Diabetes Distress Scale consists of 17 items and asks respondents to describe the diabetes-related distress experienced within the past month, including emotional distress, physician-related distress, regimen-related distress, and interpersonal distress. The items are scored on a 6- point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not a problem) to 6 (a very serious problem). The total score is the sum of responses and ranges from 17 to 102, with higher scores indicating higher levels of diabetes distress. | Baseline, Month 6 |
| BG001 | SMS Intervention - Patients | The SMS group will receive brief lifestyle counseling videos via SMS links. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos. SMS intervention: 2-3 SMS-based diabetes videos will be sent to patients each week for 12 weeks (each video within 10 minutes in duration) to both patients and their family members. Patients and their family members will receive the same intervention videos, including basic information about T2D, importance of diabetes self-management at home, behavioral techniques, and family-oriented sessions. BrainShark will be used to determine whether participants view these,videos. For participants who miss 3 consecutive videos, the study team will follow-up with a phone call to identify barriers to watching the video and remind them to review the video. |
| BG002 | Wait-list Control - Family/Friend | Standard of care Wait-list control group: For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. |
| BG003 | SMS Intervention - Family/Friend | Standard of care Wait-list control group: For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. |
| BG004 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
|
|
| Primary | Satisfaction Questionnaire Score | 1-item assessment of satisfaction with the SMS intervention. The item is rated on a scale from 0 (not at all satisfied) to 10 (totally satisfied). The total score is the numerical response; higher scores indicate greater satisfaction. | Participants in the Wait-List Control arm were not assessed for this outcome measure. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in HbA1c Level | Participants receive HbA1c blood test at their doctors' office every 3-6 months; HbA1c testing results will be abstracted from the medical record at the participant's health care facility. | Change in HbA1c level was not assessed in family/friend participants. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Body Weight | Body weight in pounds (lbs). | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | lbs | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) Score | The DMSES is an 8-item assessment asking participants to rate their confidence level in performing diabetes-specific self-management behaviors, using a 10-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 10 (totally confident). The total score is the sum of responses and ranges from 8 to 80; higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy. An increase in scores indicates self-efficacy improved during the observational period. | Change in DMSES Score was not assessed in family/friend participants. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | Score on a scale | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) Score | The SDSCA is a 13-item assessment of participants' adherence to diabetes self-management behaviors. This scale consists of 13 items and asks participate to describe their diabetes self-care activities over the past 7 days. The total score is the sum of responses and ranges from 0 to 91; higher scores indicate greater adherence to self-management behaviors. An increase in scores indicates adherence improved during the observational period. | Change in SDSCA score was not assessed in family/friend participants. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Diabetes Knowledge Test Scores | 11-item questionnaire assessing diabetes knowledge. The total score is the number of correct responses and ranges from 0-11. | Patient participants were not assessed for this outcome measure. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Short Version MET Score | The IPAQ calculates each participant's metabolic equivalent (MET) score by asking participants the days and minutes exercised in three categories of intensity (vigorous, moderate, and walking) during the previous one week. One metabolic equivalent (MET) is defined as the amount of oxygen consumed while sitting at rest and is equal to 3.5 ml O2 per kg body weight x min. Higher MET scores indicate higher levels of physical activity. An increase in scores indicates physical activity increased during the observational period. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | Metabolic equivalent (MET) | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Fruit Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | cups | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Vegetable Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | cups | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Refined Grains Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | cups | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Whole Wheat Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | cups | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Sugary Drinks Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | cups | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Mediterranean Dietary Screener (MEDAS) - Starchy Score | The MEDAS contains 6 items and asks respondents about the types of food they consumed in the past 30 days: 1) fruits, 2) vegetables, 3) refined grains, 4) whole wheat, 5) sugary drinks, and 6) starchy foods. For each type of food, respondents estimate the amount (in cups) of the food they have eaten each day over the past 30 days. Higher scores indicate higher consumption of the food group analyzed. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | cups | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Diabetes-Specific Support Score | Participants were asked about diabetes-specific support, such as medication taking, healthy diet, physical activity, blood sugar monitoring, stress management, and diabetes management. Higher scores indicate better support. The total score ranges from 4-80; higher scores indicate greater levels of specific. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Emotional Support Short Form v2.0 Score | 4-item assessment of the availability of others with whom they could talk and feel appreciated. The total score ranges from 4 - 20; higher scores indicate greater support. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Change in Diabetes Distress Scale Score | The Diabetes Distress Scale consists of 17 items and asks respondents to describe the diabetes-related distress experienced within the past month, including emotional distress, physician-related distress, regimen-related distress, and interpersonal distress. The items are scored on a 6- point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not a problem) to 6 (a very serious problem). The total score is the sum of responses and ranges from 17 to 102, with higher scores indicating higher levels of diabetes distress. | Family/friend participants were not assessed for this outcome measure. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | score on a scale | Baseline, Month 6 |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 12 |
| 0 |
| 12 |
| 0 |
| 12 |
| EG001 | SMS Intervention - Patients | The SMS group will receive brief lifestyle counseling videos via SMS links. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos. SMS intervention: 2-3 SMS-based diabetes videos will be sent to patients each week for 12 weeks (each video within 10 minutes in duration) to both patients and their family members. Patients and their family members will receive the same intervention videos, including basic information about T2D, importance of diabetes self-management at home, behavioral techniques, and family-oriented sessions. BrainShark will be used to determine whether participants view these,videos. For participants who miss 3 consecutive videos, the study team will follow-up with a phone call to identify barriers to watching the video and remind them to review the video. | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| EG002 | Wait-list Control - Family/Friend | Standard of care Wait-list control group: For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. | 0 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| EG003 | SMS Intervention - Family/Friend | Standard of care Wait-list control group: For patient participants, they will continue to receive the standard of usual care for their T2D at the CBWCHC during the course of our study. For family/friend participants, they will continue to receive their routine care with their own doctors during the study. At the end of the study, the wait-list control group (both patient and family/friend participants) will be provided the opportunity to receive the counseling videos delivered to them via SMS links. | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
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| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |