The aim of the study is to investigate whether long-term heated humidification therapy (AIRVO) administrated for 1 year over-night on top of standard therapy can reduce the number of exacerbations in adults with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

Bronchiectasis is a chronic condition characterized by an abnormal widened airways, mucus retention, cough, daily sputum, and frequent respiratory infections. The management of bronchiectasis includes prevention of exacerbations and lung infections along with airway clearance techniques.

Mucus composition and hydration are crucial to allow mucus transport along airways during respiratory physiotherapy.

Previous studies showed that long term humidification therapy increased airway clearance (Hasani et al. 2008) and reduced the number of exacerbations in patients with both bronchiectasis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (Rea et al. 2010). myAIRVO2 system can deliver high-flow warm and humidified gases through a nasal cannula.

The aim of the present study to assess the effect of long-term use over-night of myAIRVO2 warm humidification in adults with bronchiectasis who experience at least 3 exacerbations/year still with optimized clinical and respiratory therapies.

In addition to their usual therapy, the treatment group will receive a myAIRVO2 humidifier at home deliver every day for one year over-night.

The gas flow setting will be set between 20 and 30 l/min based on patient preference, temperature will be 37°C and, for patients already in long-term oxygen therapy, FiO2 will be regulated according to patient's prescription.

The control group will continue to receive standard therapy for bronchiectasis according to international guidelines.

Patients will be screened during outpatient visits and, if they meet study criteria, they will be enrolled in the study. Once enrolled in the study, patients will be followed up every 3 months with 4 consecutive outpatient visits. The following endpoints will be assessed: exacerbations frequency, quality of life, pulmonary function and, for patients enrolled in the treatment group, myAIRVO2 use, and comfort.

Statistical analysis will be performed by Prof. Giovanni Sotgiu (University of Sassari - Italy).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Radiological evidence of bronchiectasis evaluated through a CT-scan of the chest
• Daily sputum production
• Presence of at least 3 exacerbations requiring antibiotic therapy during the 12 months prior randomization
• Absence of exacerbations during the 28 days prior randomization
• Having the bronchiectasis management/therapy optimized according to international guidelines (ERS Polverino 2017) during the 12 months preceding randomization and no changes in therapy occurred during the 28 days prior randomization
• Airways clearance physiotherapy optimized and unchanged during the 12 months prior randomization
• Being able to use myAIRVO2 (assessed by study investigators)
• Given consent to inclusion in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Being enrolled in other intervention trials during the 12 months prior randomization
• COPD or asthma recognized as main diseases by the study investigator
• Active smoker or ex-smoker who underwent smoking cessation during the 4 weeks prior randomization
• Any other disease or medical condition diagnosed during the 3 months prior randomization which can affect patients' safety
• Long-term treatment with non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
• Long-term night treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
• Tracheostomy
• Major haemoptysis (more than 300ml or requiring embolization or requiring blood transfusion) during the 6 weeks prior randomization
• Cystic fibrosis
• Traction bronchiectasis in the context of pulmonary fibrosis
• Lung cancer in the last 5 years
• Use of drugs that can modify mucus liquid content including mannitol, Hypertoinc saline, DNase, NAC
• Changes in the rehabilitation/respiratory therapy program during the 28 days before randomization
• Pregnant and brest-feeding women