Not enough participants were willing to enroll.

Stress is a complex natural phenomenon, frequently related to a physiological response, including heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, skin conductance and temperature. The subjective experience varies greatly; broadly, it may be conceived as a freeze, flight, fight, fright or faint response. Many studies have demonstrated the negative influence of psychological stress on health and well-being. Through the digital phenotyping of physiological and psychological stress reactions, in a controlled laboratory setting (Trier Social Stress Test- TSST) and real-life situations, in a population of healthy participants and patients with a major psychiatric disorder, we expect to find reliable and valid digital biomarkers. The results of this study will, therefore, not only contribute to a better understanding of stress and stress response but also have the potential to improve diagnostic and treatment approaches.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants are competent to give informed consent.
• Participants are right handed
• German language proficiency as a native speaker or level B1
• Diagnosis of a cluster C personality disorder according to ICD-10; or
• Diagnosis of depressive disorder according to ICD-10; or
• Diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to ICD-10; or
• Without a current psychiatric disorder.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Low Intelligence as confirmed by failure to complete regular compulsory education.
• Pregnancy or over two weeks delay in the menstrual cycle.
• Previous participation in a psychological trial involving psychosocial stress assessment.
• Current neurological disorder.
• Current cardiovascular disorder.
• Current respiratory disorder.
• Current substance use or withdrawal.
• Any change in medication in the previous week.