Past week PTSD symptoms were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, a 16-item scale with response options that ranged from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). Mean scores across all 16 items were calculated for each participant. Higher scores indicated more severe PTSD symptoms, with scores greater than 2.5 indicating clinically significant PTSD symptoms. Change scores were calculated as the differences between baseline mean scores and the follow-up mean scores at each time point (3, 6, and 12 months).

The Personal Progress Scale-Revised was used to measure empowerment across multiple domains including positive self-evaluation, self-esteem, emotional regulation, gender-role and cultural identity awareness, self-efficacy, self-care, problem-solving, and assertiveness skills. Participants rated 28 items on a 7-point scale from 1 (almost never) to 7 (almost always). Total scores were calculated by summing all items, ranging from 28-196, with higher scores indicating greater empowerment. Change scores were calculated as the differences between baseline total scores and follow-up scores at each time point (3, 6, and 12 months).

The MOVERS scale was used to measure empowerment within the safety domain, including safety-related goal development, self-efficacy beliefs, and knowledge of support resources. Participants rated 13 items on a 5-point scale from 1 (never true) to 5 (always true). Mean scores across all 13 items were calculated for each participant. Higher scores indicated greater safety-related empowerment. Change scores were calculated as the differences between baseline mean scores and follow-up mean scores at each time point (3, 6, and 12 months).

Total of all reporting groups

Physical and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) was measured using the adapted version of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS2), with response categories ranging from 0=never to 4=very frequently. Total score ranged from 0-164, with higher scores indicating greater frequency and severity of intimate partner violence experiences.

Depressive symptoms were measured using The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a nine-item measure. Each of the nine items scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Total scores ranged from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression symptoms. A score of 10 or above indicates clinically significant depression symptoms.

Past week PTSD symptoms were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (16 items), with response options ranging from 1 (Not at all) to 5 (Extremely) per item. The mean of the participant scale choices (1-5) across all 16 items is reported. Higher scores indicated more severe PTSD symptoms, with score greater than 2.5 indicating clinically significant PTSD symptoms.

The Personal Progress Scale-Revised (PPS-R) (23 items) was used to assess multiple areas associated with overall empowerment. The responses were rated on a 7-point scale ranging from 1 (almost Never) to 7 (almost Always). The scores ranged from 23 to 161. Higher scores indicated a higher level of empowerment.

The MOVERS, a 13-item scale, was used to measure empowerment within the domain of safety. Participants responded to each item using a five-point scale, ranging from "1 = never true" to "5 = always true". The mean of the participant scale choices (1-5) across all 13 items is reported. Higher scores indicated a greater degree of safety-related empowerment.

Women in the Standard Online Safety Information received the non-DA informed usual safety planning resources modeled on national and state domestic violence online resources but not provided with immediate and visual feedback to their level of danger or a tailored safety planning.

For second stage randomization, the text messaging intervention will follow-up with non-responder group of immigrant women (those who did not improve in intervention or control arms above) on their enactment of tailored (tailored to the DA Score and priorities) safety plan provided in the online weWomen intervention, or non-tailored (standard list of resources) safety recommendations provided in the usual care control arm

WeWomen Plus technology-based intervention: The WeWomen Plus intervention is a technology based (online, text and phone) culturally tailored intervention designed to reduce the risk of future intimate partner violence or a homicide, improve mental health and increase empowerment of abused immigrant women.

Second stage randomization will involve both text (described above) and phone calls for non-responder group of women in intervention or control arm. The phone calls will draw from motivational interviewing adapted for abused women, solution focused therapy and a strengths perspective to discuss women's safety concerns and other needs, and strategies to strengthen social support networks

WeWomen Plus technology-based intervention: The WeWomen Plus intervention is a technology based (online, text and phone) culturally tailored intervention designed to reduce the risk of future intimate partner violence or a homicide, improve mental health and increase empowerment of abused immigrant women.

The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess depression symptoms over the past two weeks based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. Each of the 9 items was scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). Total scores were computed by summing all items, ranging from 0-27. Higher scores indicated more severe depression symptoms (1-4=minimal, 5-9=mild, 10-14=moderate, 15-19=moderately severe, 20-27=severe depression). Change scores were calculated as the differences between baseline PHQ-9 total scores and follow-up scores at each time point (3, 6, and 12 months).

Past week PTSD symptoms were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, a 16-item scale with response options that ranged from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). Mean scores across all 16 items were calculated for each participant. Higher scores indicated more severe PTSD symptoms, with scores greater than 2.5 indicating clinically significant PTSD symptoms. Change scores were calculated as the differences between baseline mean scores and the follow-up mean scores at each time point (3, 6, and 12 months).

The Personal Progress Scale-Revised was used to measure empowerment across multiple domains including positive self-evaluation, self-esteem, emotional regulation, gender-role and cultural identity awareness, self-efficacy, self-care, problem-solving, and assertiveness skills. Participants rated 28 items on a 7-point scale from 1 (almost never) to 7 (almost always). Total scores were calculated by summing all items, ranging from 28-196, with higher scores indicating greater empowerment. Change scores were calculated as the differences between baseline total scores and follow-up scores at each time point (3, 6, and 12 months).

The MOVERS scale was used to measure empowerment within the safety domain, including safety-related goal development, self-efficacy beliefs, and knowledge of support resources. Participants rated 13 items on a 5-point scale from 1 (never true) to 5 (always true). Mean scores across all 13 items were calculated for each participant. Higher scores indicated greater safety-related empowerment. Change scores were calculated as the differences between baseline mean scores and follow-up mean scores at each time point (3, 6, and 12 months).

Women in the Standard Online Safety Information condition received the non-DA informed usual safety planning resources modeled on national and state domestic violence online resources but not provided with immediate and visual feedback to their level of danger or a tailored safety planning.

For second stage randomization, the text messaging intervention followed-up with non-responder group of immigrant women (those who did not improve in intervention or control arms above) on their enactment of tailored (tailored to the DA Score and priorities) safety plan provided in the personalized online intervention or non-tailored (standard list of resources) safety recommendations provided in the usual care or standard online safety information arm.

WeWomen Plus technology-based intervention: The WeWomen Plus intervention is a technology-based (online, text, and phone) intervention designed to reduce the risk of future intimate partner violence or homicide, improve mental health, and increase empowerment of abused women.

Second-stage randomization involved both text and phone calls for non-responder groups of women in personalized online or standard online safety information arm. The phone calls will draw from motivational interviewing adapted for abused women, solution-focused therapy, and a strengths perspective to discuss women's safety concerns and other needs and strategies to strengthen social support networks

WeWomen Plus technology-based intervention: The WeWomen Plus intervention is a technology-based (online, text, and phone) intervention designed to reduce the risk of future intimate partner violence or homicide, improve mental health, and increase empowerment of abused women.