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The purposes of this research are to investigate (1) if schizophrenia patients and at-risk individuals present bradykinesia and dyskinesia and (2) if tDCS improves motor performance in schizophrenia patients and at-risk individuals. The first hypothesis is that both schizophrenia patients and at-risk individuals show bradykinesia and dyskinesia, and the motor symptoms are more severe in the former than the latter. The second hypothesis is that tDCS improves motor performance in schizophrenia patients and at-risk cases.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| schizophrenia- tDCS | Experimental |
| |
| schizophrenia- sham | Sham Comparator |
| |
| at risk- tDCS | Experimental |
| |
| at risk- sham | Sham Comparator |
| |
| healthy controls for schizophrenia- tDCS | Experimental |
| |
| healthy controls for schizophrenia- sham | Sham Comparator |
| |
| healthy controls for at risk- tDCS |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcranial direct current stimulation device (Soterix Medical, New York, NY) | Device | Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive intervention, which applies low-amplitude direct electric currents to the brain through scalp electrodes. The real (2mA) or sham tDCS intervention will be given for a total of eight sessions in four weeks with 20 minutes per session. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Motion analysis by using an eight-camera motion capture system (VICON; Oxford Metrics Group, Oxford, UK) | normalized movement time (representing severity of parkinsonism). Unit: second/mm | Within one week right before the 1st session of tDCS |
| Motion analysis by using an eight-camera motion capture system (VICON; Oxford Metrics Group, Oxford, UK) | normalized movement time (representing severity of parkinsonism). Unit: second/mm | Within one week right after the 8th (last) session of tDCS |
| Motion analysis by using an eight-camera motion capture system (VICON; Oxford Metrics Group, Oxford, UK) | normalized number of movement units (representing severity of dyskinesia). Unit: units/mm | Within one week right before the 1st session of tDCS |
| Motion analysis by using an eight-camera motion capture system (VICON; Oxford Metrics Group, Oxford, UK) | normalized number of movement units (representing severity of dyskinesia). Unit: units/mm | Within one week right after the 8th (last) session of tDCS |
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Inclusion Criteria for schizophrenia patients:
No Exclusion Criteria.
Inclusion Criteria for at-risk individuals:
No Exclusion Criteria.
Inclusion Criteria for healthy controls:
No Exclusion Criteria.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shu-Mei Wang, PhD | Contact | 852-27664197 | shumei.wang@polyu.edu.hk |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Recruiting | Kowloon | Hong Kong |
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| Experimental |
|
| healthy controls for at risk- sham | Sham Comparator |
|
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012559 | Schizophrenia |
| D011618 | Psychotic Disorders |
| D020734 | Parkinsonian Disorders |
| D020820 | Dyskinesias |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019967 | Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001480 | Basal Ganglia Diseases |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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