The BI will be used to measure functional disabilities patients with extremity injury. The BI, organically developed by Mahoney and Barthel (1965), assesses BADL in terms of respondent abilities related to feeding, bathing, grooming, dressing, bowel and bladder control, toilet use, transfer, mobility, and stair use. The BI has 30 items with scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores representing higher independence in performing BADLs. A total BI score of 0 to 20 correlates with total dependence, 21 to 60 correlates with severe dependence, 61 to 90 correlates with moderate dependence, 91 to 99 correlates with slight dependence, and 100 correlates with total independence. The Chinese version was applied in older populations, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.79 to .085 (Shyu, Tang, Tsai, Liang, & Chen, 2006). The Cronbach's alpha for this current project will be retested using the injury group.

The BI will be used to measure functional disabilities patients with extremity injury. The BI, organically developed by Mahoney and Barthel (1965), assesses BADL in terms of respondent abilities related to feeding, bathing, grooming, dressing, bowel and bladder control, toilet use, transfer, mobility, and stair use. The BI has 30 items with scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores representing higher independence in performing BADLs. A total BI score of 0 to 20 correlates with total dependence, 21 to 60 correlates with severe dependence, 61 to 90 correlates with moderate dependence, 91 to 99 correlates with slight dependence, and 100 correlates with total independence. The Chinese version was applied in older populations, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.79 to .085 (Shyu, Tang, Tsai, Liang, & Chen, 2006). The Cronbach's alpha for this current project will be retested using the injury group.

The PTDS is a self-report instrument for post traumatic syndrome that is simple to administer and has demonstrated good psychometric properties. The PTSD will not use to diagnose if injured patients have psychological illnesses. It will be applied in measuring how and what post traumatic symptoms that patients will have after injuries. The scale is a structured interview for assessing PTSD diagnostic status and symptom. The degree of severity is rated on a five-point scale scoring with zero: not at all, one: once per week or less / a little, two: 2 to 3 times per week / somewhat, three: 4 to 5 times per week / a lot, and four: 6 or more times a week / severe (Pynoos et al., 1993). This instrument was not only broadly used in patients with mental illnesses, but also used in patients with vehicle accidents domestically (Wang, 2013). The Cronbach's alpha for the current study will be retested using the injury group.

The PTDS is a self-report instrument for post traumatic syndrome that is simple to administer and has demonstrated good psychometric properties. The PTSD will not use to diagnose if injured patients have psychological illnesses. It will be applied in measuring how and what post traumatic symptoms that patients will have after injuries. The scale is a structured interview for assessing PTSD diagnostic status and symptom. The degree of severity is rated on a five-point scale scoring with zero: not at all, one: once per week or less / a little, two: 2 to 3 times per week / somewhat, three: 4 to 5 times per week / a lot, and four: 6 or more times a week / severe (Pynoos et al., 1993). This instrument was not only broadly used in patients with mental illnesses, but also used in patients with vehicle accidents domestically (Wang, 2013). The Cronbach's alpha for the current study will be retested using the injury group.

The World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) will be used to measure HRQOL. Six popular generic instruments of HRQOL are commonly used as disability outcome measures, some of them were developed later were tested trans-culturally in extensive research programs such as the WHOQOL-BREF (Yao, 2000). The WHOQOL-BREF is a 28-tem scale that is measure along with 4 domains including physical, psychological, social relationship and environment. Scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating higher quality of life (The WHOQOL Taiwan Group, 2000). The reliability and validity of the Chinese WHOQOL-BREF have been tested in various clinical settings.

The World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) will be used to measure HRQOL. Six popular generic instruments of HRQOL are commonly used as disability outcome measures, some of them were developed later were tested trans-culturally in extensive research programs such as the WHOQOL-BREF (Yao, 2000). The WHOQOL-BREF is a 28-tem scale that is measure along with 4 domains including physical, psychological, social relationship and environment. Scores range from 1 to 5 with higher scores indicating higher quality of life (The WHOQOL Taiwan Group, 2000). The reliability and validity of the Chinese WHOQOL-BREF have been tested in various clinical settings.