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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01DK120490 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) | NIH |
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In this study, we will address cost barriers to participating in summer programs and hypothesize this will lead to marked improvements in children's obesogenic behaviors and a reduction in excessive, unhealthy weight gain over summer.
For this study, we will rigorously test the impact of providing access to existing community-operated summer programs on weight status (i.e., BMI z-score) and obesogenic behaviors of 1st-3rd grade children from low-income households. Using a pragmatic, Type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation randomized design, we will compare changes in weight status and obesogenic behaviors of children from low-income households randomized to one of two conditions: free summer programming or comparison/control.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Summer Programming | Experimental | The summer day camps are not singularly focused, such as sport camps or academic only camps. Rather, the camps provide indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, provide enrichment and academic programming, as well as provide breakfast, lunch, and snacks. To standardize programming, the schools operate their camps on the same daily schedules which are developed by the same district-level personnel, with identical programmatic content delivered across all schools. The schools also provide the same meals to all children enrolled. The meals adhere to the Summer Food Service Program nutrition guidelines and are reimbursed through existing federal food programs. |
|
| Comparison/Control | No Intervention | The children in the control group will be children enrolled in the same schools as those randomized to receive summer programming. The comparison/control group will not receive a voucher to attend a summer camp. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free Summer Programming | Behavioral | The summer day camps are not singularly focused, such as sport camps or academic only camps. Rather, the camps provide indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, provide enrichment and academic programming, as well as provide breakfast, lunch, and snacks. To standardize programming, the schools operate their camps on the same daily schedules which are developed by the same district-level personnel, with identical programmatic content delivered across all schools. The schools also provide the same meals to all children enrolled. The meals adhere to the Summer Food Service Program nutrition guidelines and are reimbursed through existing federal food programs. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| BMI Age-Sex Specific Z-Score | Change in Body Mass Index age=sex specific z-score. 0 represents the 50th percentile. A reduction of 0.15 is considered clinically meaningful in an already obese population | Baseline and 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity | Accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (minutes per day) | 2 months |
| Sleep | Accelerometer-derived sleep (minutes per day) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
1st through 3rd grade students in the participating schools.
Exclusion Criteria:
The only exclusion criteria will be the diagnosis of an intellectual disability, such as:
Autism Spectrum Disorder Down Syndrome Fragile X Fetal Alcohol and/or a physical disability, such as wheelchair use
This decision was made because of the added resources required to evaluate these children, as well as the inability to sample enough of these children to adequately draw conclusions.
No other exclusion criteria will be used.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of South Carolina | Columbia | South Carolina | 29201 | United States | ||
| Michael Beets |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41466370 | Derived | Beets MW, Burkart S, Pfledderer CD, Adams E, Weaver RG, Armstrong B, Brazendale K, Zhu X, Chen B, McLain A. Impact of free summer day camp on physical activity behaviors and screentime of elementary-age children from low-income households: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2025 Dec 29;22(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s12966-025-01852-2. | |
| 40470250 | Derived | Beets MW, Burkart S, Pfledderer C, Adams E, Glenn Weaver R, Armstrong B, Brazendale K, Zhu X, Chen B, McLain A. Impact of Free Summer Day Camp on Physical Activity Behaviors and Screentime of Elementary-age Children from Low-Income Households: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Res Sq [Preprint]. 2025 May 13:rs.3.rs-6353093. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6353093/v1. |
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This number reflects the number of parents who expressed interest in participating, completed the informed consent document, but who we were never able to recontact.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Intervention Group | The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free summer day camp. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The summer day camp that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The summer day camp provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program |
| FG001 | Control Group | The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual" |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Intervention Group | The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free SDC. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The SDC that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The SDC provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | BMI Age-Sex Specific Z-Score | Change in Body Mass Index age=sex specific z-score. 0 represents the 50th percentile. A reduction of 0.15 is considered clinically meaningful in an already obese population | These numbers reflect the participants who had complete measures on the primary outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | z-score | Baseline and 3 months |
|
from enrollment until end of follow-up (baseline and 3 months)
No events occured. Only youth participating in the study had events evaluated. The number of individuals who expressed interest, but we were unable to follow-up with to confirm participation were not included in this assessment.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Intervention Group | The intervention group was randomly assigned to receive 8 to 10 weeks of free SDC. The difference in the number of weeks was due to summer 2021 being shorter than summers 2022 and 2023 because of COVID-19 school closures. The SDC that served as the intervention was operated by a local parks and recreation commission, which operated multiple summer programs across the school district. The SDC provided indoor and outdoor opportunities for children to be physically active each day, included enrichment and academic programming, weekly field trips, and provided breakfast, lunch, and snacks. The foods served adhered to existing federal food program nutrition guidelines by the USDA and were reimbursed via the Summer Food Service Program |
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Limitations include having the study in a single, mid-sized metropolitan city in the southeastern US. These findings may not generalize to other geographical regions.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Beets | University of South Carolina | 8037773003 | beets@mailbox.sc.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan: Updated with Date on Title Page | Jan 22, 2026 | Jan 22, 2026 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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We will compare changes in weight status and obesogenic behaviors of children from low-income households randomized to one of two conditions: free summer programming or comparison/control.
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|
| 2 months |
| Diet | Parent report of child dietary intake | 2 months |
| Screen Time | Parent report of screen time usage (minutes per day) | 2 months |
| Columbia |
| South Carolina |
| 29208 |
| United States |
| 39401051 | Derived | Beets MW, Burkart S, Pfledderer C, Adams E, Weaver RG, Armstrong B, Brazendale K, Zhu X, Chen B, McLain A. Free Summer Programming and Body Mass Index Among Schoolchildren From Low-Income Households: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2024 Dec 1;178(12):1252-1259. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.3693. |
| BG001 | Control Group | The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual" |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| BMI | BMI z | Mean | Standard Deviation | z-score |
|
| Physical Activity | Accelerometer-derived physical activity (minutes per day) | Mean | Standard Deviation | minutes per day |
|
| Sleep | Mean | Standard Deviation | minutes per day |
|
| Screen Time | Parent report of screen time usage (minutes per day) | Mean | Standard Deviation | minutes per day |
|
| Diet | Mean | Standard Deviation | items consumed |
|
| OG001 | Control Group | The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual" |
|
|
| Secondary | Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity | Accelerometer-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (minutes per day) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | minutes per day | 2 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Sleep | Accelerometer-derived sleep (minutes per day) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | minutes per day | 2 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Diet | Parent report of child dietary intake | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Items consumed | 2 months |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Screen Time | Parent report of screen time usage (minutes per day) | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | minutes per day | 2 months |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 253 |
| 0 |
| 253 |
| 0 |
| 253 |
| EG001 | Control Group | The control group did not receive free summer day camp programming. These children experienced what we consider "summer as usual" | 0 | 234 | 0 | 234 | 0 | 234 |
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| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| Dairy |
|
| 100% Juice |
|
| Soda |
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| Uncarbonated Flavored Drinks |
|
| Chips |
|
| Desserts |
|
| Frozen Desserts |
|
| Fast Food |
|