A cross-sectional study of EBC H2O2 levels, as measured by a novel device, 'Inflammacheck™', and other markers of disease severity in patients with ILD and Lung Cancer.

Inflammation and oxidative stress are processes that occur early in the disease process within both ILD and lung cancer. Current tools for assessing inflammation and oxidative stress, such as fibre-optic bronchoscopy with bronchial wall biopsy and bronchial fluid lavage, are invasive procedures not suitable for regular repeat sampling. Sample analysis requires a series of laboratory measurements and results can take over 24 hours to become available.

In contrast, measurement of Exhaled Breath Condensate Hydrogen Peroxide (EBC H2O2) is performed during normal tidal breathing, and is well tolerated even in patients with severe airways obstruction and those unable to perform a consistent controlled exhalation. It is also not limited to inflammatory cell specific inflammation.

To date, the measurement of EBC H2O2 has been used as a research tool only, due to the complex multiple procedural steps required to deliver a result from the collected exhaled breath. Exhalation Technology Ltd. have now developed a novel, handheld device (Inflammacheck™) which can produce an immediate measurement of EBC H2O2 levels at the patient's side. By detecting EBC H2O2 levels immediately, Inflammacheck™ could tell clinicians and patients the current level of global airway inflammation in a simple, effort independent manner. This could be used by clinicians to diagnose ILD and even Lung Cancer.

The 'Inflammacheck™' device now requires a study in a clinical setting to determine whether it can detect ILD and Lung Cancer. The acceptability and ease of use of the device also needs to be assessed for both patients and clinicians.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or Female, aged ≥18 years.
• A confirmed, clinician made diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) supported by evidence of ILD on a CT chest scan recorded at any time.
• OR a clinician suspected or confirmed Lung Cancer, with or without asthma and/or COPD
• OR a healthy volunteer with no known history of lung disease (defined as no current clinical diagnosis of, or be receiving treatment for, a lung disease).
• Willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Existing co-morbidities that may prevent them from performing spirometry or other study measurements (at the discretion of the clinical investigator).
• Known other lung, chest wall, neuromuscular, or cardiac disease or abnormality (including end-stage disease or cancer) that would confound symptom scores and spirometry.
• In the opinion of the clinical investigator, participant could be put at risk of harm by having to perform any of the study procedures.
• Unable to comprehend the study and provide informed consent, e.g. insufficient command of English in the absence of someone to adequately interpret.

A total of 75 participants will be recruited, comprised of 50 participants with an established diagnosis that affects their breathing and 25 participants with no history of disease (healthy volunteers).