Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The use of the Invite Only VR, with the aim to prevent the initiation of e-cigarette use in teens by increasing their knowledge, decreasing their intentions to use e-cigarettes, influencing their harm perceptions and attitudes associated with e-cigarettes, and increasing self-efficacy associated with refusing peers involving e-cigarettes.
Specific Aim #1: DEVELOPMENT: The researcher will update our current VR prototype into a polished videogame intervention using input from 4 focus groups of 5 adolescents each (n = 20), aged 12-17 and the extant literature. These focus groups will inform the development of the VR videogame intervention, Invite Only VR, for e-cigarette prevention among teens.
Specific Aim #2: EVALUATION: Conduct a pilot non-randomized cluster trial with 295 teens ages 11-14 comparing the Invite Only VR intervention vs. an attention/control non-health-related VR videogame, collecting assessment data at baseline, post-gameplay, three months and six months to determine:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Teens in the Invite Only VR videogame | Experimental | 155 adolescents playing the Invite Only VR intervention |
|
| Teens receive treatment as usual | Other | 132 adolescents receive treatment as usual, which includes regular instruction in health class regarding the dangers of e-cigarettes |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| videogame | Device | Invite Only VR videogame |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percent of Participants Who Report E-cigarette Use at 6 Months | The researcher will measure the percent of individuals who, after playing Invite Only VR, report the initiation of e-cigarette use in comparison to the control condition. | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Attitudes Towards E-cigarettes Pre-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' attitudes involving e-cigarette use - pretest survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) and then play the videogame intervention. The survey includes 4 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on attitudes about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 response choices ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) or 1 (definitely yes) to 4 (definitely not), or 1 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Some items were reverse coded so that scores of 1 always represented less healthy attitudes and scores of 4 corresponded to more healthy attitudes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating healthier attitudes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Satisfaction With Gameplay Experience - Experimental Only | To determine participants' satisfaction and gameplay experience - posttest survey (experimental only). Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes questions adapted from a survey developed at the play2PREVENT Lab about gameplay satisfaction and experience. Questions have 4 choices ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Some items were reverse coded prior to all items being averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores representing greater satisfaction with gameplay experience. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kimberly Hieftje, PhD | Yale University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milford School District | Milford | Connecticut | 06460 | United States |
Not provided
844 teens in Milford Schools met eligibility requirements. 557 were excluded for failure to provide signed parental consent for inclusion in the study
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Teens in the Invite Only VR Videogame | 155 adolescents played the Invite Only VR intervention for 2-4 sessions for approximately 40 minutes per session. These 2-4 play sessions play took place following the pre-test at baseline. The post-test was administered immediately after the final play session. videogame: Invite Only VR videogame Invite Only VR is a VR, story-based videogame intervention that teaches adolescents aged 11 to 17 years about the health risks of using e-cigarettes while providing a virtual environment to practice refusing peer pressure to vape e-cigarettes. |
| FG001 | Teens Receive Treatment as Usual | 132 adolescents receive treatment as usual This includes attending regular health class in public school in which the dangers of e-cigarettes are discussed. treatment as usual: treatment as usual |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline |
|
| ||||||||||||||||||
| Post-Gameplay / 1-week Follow up |
| |||||||||||||||||||
| 3-month Follow up |
| |||||||||||||||||||
| 6-month Follow up |
|
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Teens in the Invite Only VR Videogame | 155 adolescents playing the Invite Only VR intervention videogame: Invite Only VR videogame |
| BG001 | Teens Receive Treatment as Usual | 132 adolescents receive treatment as usual treatment as usual: treatment as usual |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Percent of Participants Who Report E-cigarette Use at 6 Months | The researcher will measure the percent of individuals who, after playing Invite Only VR, report the initiation of e-cigarette use in comparison to the control condition. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 months |
|
Adverse events collected throughout the duration of the study (~6 months)
The study protocol included playing a videogame and responding to questions on a brief survey about e-cigarette knowledge and beliefs. Participants were not at risk for any serious adverse events at any time during the study.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Teens in the Invite Only VR Videogame | 155 adolescents playing the Invite Only VR intervention videogame: Invite Only VR videogame |
Not provided
Not provided
It is possible that if we had followed the participants beyond 6 months, group differences might have emerged. It is also possible that because of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown, participants in both groups had reduced access to e-cigarettes.
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Kimberly Hieftje | play4REAL XR Lab at the Yale School of Medicine | 2037872402 | kimberly.hieftje@yale.edu |
Not provided
| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Jan 27, 2020 | Jun 23, 2021 | Prot_SAP_001.pdf |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072137 | Vaping |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D001519 | Behavior |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
non-equivalent control groups design with 285 teens ages 12-15 comparing the Invite Only VR intervention vs. treatment as usual
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| treatment as usual |
| Other |
treatment as usual |
|
| baseline |
| Attitudes Towards E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' attitudes involving e-cigarette use - post-test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 4 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on attitudes about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 response choices ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) or 1 (definitely yes) to 4 (definitely not), or 1 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Questions are reverse coded such that higher scores represent healthier attitudes towards e-cigarettes. | immediately after gameplay is completed |
| Attitudes Towards E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' attitudes involving e-cigarette use - 3 months post-test survey. The survey includes 4 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on attitudes about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 response choices ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) or 1 (definitely yes) to 4 (definitely not), or 1 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Some items were reverse coded so that scores of 1 always represented less healthy attitudes and scores of 4 corresponded to more healthy attitudes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating healthier attitudes. | 3 months after gameplay is completed |
| Attitudes Towards E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' attitudes involving e-cigarette use - 6 months post-test survey. Participants will complete a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 4 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on attitudes about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 response choices ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) or 1 (definitely yes) to 4 (definitely not), or 1 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Some items were reverse coded so that scores of 1 always represented less healthy attitudes and scores of 4 corresponded to more healthy attitudes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating healthier attitudes. | 6 months after gameplay is completed |
| Knowledge of E-cigarettes Pre-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' knowledge about e-cigarettes - pre-test survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software), before playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 15 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on knowledge about e-cigarettes. For knowledge, questions have 3 response choices (True, False, and not sure). Correct answers are scored as 1, incorrect are scored as 0, and not sure responses are also scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better performance. | baseline |
| Knowledge of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' knowledge about e-cigarettes- post-test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software), after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 15 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on knowledge about e-cigarettes. For knowledge, questions have 3 response choices (True, False, and not sure). Correct answers are scored as 1, incorrect are scored as 0, and not sure responses are also scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better performance. | immediately after gameplay |
| Knowledge of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' knowledge about e-cigarettes- 3 months post-test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 15 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on knowledge about e-cigarettes. For knowledge, questions have 3 response choices (True, False, and not sure). Correct answers are scored as 1, incorrect are scored as 0, and not sure responses are also scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better performance. | 3 months after gameplay |
| Knowledge of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' knowledge about e-cigarettes- 6 months post-test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 15 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on knowledge about e-cigarettes. For knowledge, questions have 3 response choices (True, False, and not sure). Correct answers are scored as 1, incorrect are scored as 0, and not sure responses are also scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better performance. | 6 months after gameplay |
| Intentions of E-cigarettes Pre-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' intentions involving e-cigarette use - pretest survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) and then play the videogame intervention. The survey includes 1 question adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014): "Do you think you will vape or use an e-cigarette, like JUUL, in the next year?" Participants respond on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (very likely). | baseline |
| Intentions of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' intentions involving e-cigarette use - post test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) after playing videogame intervention. The survey includes 1 question adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014): "Do you think you will vape or use an e-cigarette, like JUUL, in the next year?" Participants respond on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (very likely). | immediately after gameplay |
| Intentions of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' intentions involving e-cigarette use - 3 months post test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 1 question adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014): "Do you think you will vape or use an e-cigarette, like JUUL, in the next year?" Participants respond on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (very likely). | 3 months after gameplay |
| Intentions of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' intentions involving e-cigarette use - 6 months post test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 1 question adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014): "Do you think you will vape or use an e-cigarette, like JUUL, in the next year?" Participants respond on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (very likely). | 6 months after gameplay |
| Perceptions Involving E-cigarettes Pretest | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' harm perceptions involving e-cigarette use - pretest survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) before playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 5 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on harm perceptions about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 choices ranging from 1 (no harm) to 4 (a lot of harm). Some items are reverse coded such that higher mean scores indicate greater perceived harm of e-cigarettes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater perceived harm. | baseline |
| Perceptions Involving E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' harm perceptions involving e-cigarette use - post-test survey. Participants will complete the survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 5 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on harm perceptions about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 choices ranging from 1 (no harm) to 4 (a lot of harm). Some items are reverse coded such that higher scores indicate greater perceived harm of e-cigarettes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater perceived harm. | immediately after gameplay is completed |
| Perceptions Involving E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' harm perceptions involving e-cigarette use - 3 month post-test survey. Participants complete a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) 3 months after playing the intervention. The survey includes 5 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on harm perceptions of e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 choices ranging from 1 (no harm) to 4 (a lot of harm). Some items are reverse coded such that higher scores indicate greater perceived harm of e-cigarettes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater perceived harm. | 3 months after gameplay is completed |
| Perceptions Involving E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' harm perceptions involving e-cigarette use - post-test survey. Participants completed a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) 6 months after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 5 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on harm perceptions of e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 choices ranging from 1 (no harm) to 4 (a lot of harm). Some items are reverse coded such that higher scores indicate greater perceived harm of e-cigarettes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater perceived harm. | 6 months after gameplay is completed |
| Refuse E-cigarettes Pre-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes - pretest survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) and then play the videogame intervention. The survey includes 6 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. Questions are Likert scale and have 4 choices ranging from 1 (not at all sure) to 4 (definitely sure). Higher scores represent greater self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes across a variety of situations. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater elf-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. | baseline |
| Refuse E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes - post-test survey. Participants will completed a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) immediately after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 6 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. Questions are Likert scale and have 4 choices ranging from 1 (not at all sure) to 4 (definitely sure). Higher scores represent greater self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes across a variety of situations. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater elf-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. | immediately after gameplay |
| Refuse E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes - 3 months post-test survey. Participants will completed a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) 3 months after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 6 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. Questions are Likert scale and have 4 choices ranging from 1 (not at all sure) to 4 (definitely sure). Higher scores represent greater self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes across a variety of situations. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater elf-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. | 3 months after gameplay |
| Refuse E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes - 6 months post-test survey. Participants completed a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) 6 months after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 6 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. Questions are Likert scale and have 4 choices ranging from 1 (not at all sure) to 4 (definitely sure). Higher scores represent greater self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes across a variety of situations. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater elf-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. | 6 months after gameplay |
| immediately after gameplay |
| NOT COMPLETED |
|
|
| NOT COMPLETED |
|
|
| NOT COMPLETED |
|
|
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Current e-cigarette/JUUL user (Y/N) | Participants were asked "Have you ever vaped or JUULed, even one or two hits?" Response options were "Yes" or "No." | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
|
| Secondary | Attitudes Towards E-cigarettes Pre-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' attitudes involving e-cigarette use - pretest survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) and then play the videogame intervention. The survey includes 4 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on attitudes about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 response choices ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) or 1 (definitely yes) to 4 (definitely not), or 1 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Some items were reverse coded so that scores of 1 always represented less healthy attitudes and scores of 4 corresponded to more healthy attitudes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating healthier attitudes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Attitudes Towards E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' attitudes involving e-cigarette use - post-test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 4 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on attitudes about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 response choices ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) or 1 (definitely yes) to 4 (definitely not), or 1 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Questions are reverse coded such that higher scores represent healthier attitudes towards e-cigarettes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | immediately after gameplay is completed |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Attitudes Towards E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' attitudes involving e-cigarette use - 3 months post-test survey. The survey includes 4 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on attitudes about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 response choices ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) or 1 (definitely yes) to 4 (definitely not), or 1 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Some items were reverse coded so that scores of 1 always represented less healthy attitudes and scores of 4 corresponded to more healthy attitudes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating healthier attitudes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 3 months after gameplay is completed |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Attitudes Towards E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' attitudes involving e-cigarette use - 6 months post-test survey. Participants will complete a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 4 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on attitudes about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 response choices ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree) or 1 (definitely yes) to 4 (definitely not), or 1 (very unlikely) to 4 (very likely). Some items were reverse coded so that scores of 1 always represented less healthy attitudes and scores of 4 corresponded to more healthy attitudes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating healthier attitudes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 6 months after gameplay is completed |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Knowledge of E-cigarettes Pre-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' knowledge about e-cigarettes - pre-test survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software), before playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 15 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on knowledge about e-cigarettes. For knowledge, questions have 3 response choices (True, False, and not sure). Correct answers are scored as 1, incorrect are scored as 0, and not sure responses are also scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better performance. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | baseline |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Knowledge of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' knowledge about e-cigarettes- post-test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software), after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 15 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on knowledge about e-cigarettes. For knowledge, questions have 3 response choices (True, False, and not sure). Correct answers are scored as 1, incorrect are scored as 0, and not sure responses are also scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better performance. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | immediately after gameplay |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Knowledge of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' knowledge about e-cigarettes- 3 months post-test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 15 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on knowledge about e-cigarettes. For knowledge, questions have 3 response choices (True, False, and not sure). Correct answers are scored as 1, incorrect are scored as 0, and not sure responses are also scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better performance. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 3 months after gameplay |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Knowledge of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' knowledge about e-cigarettes- 6 months post-test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 15 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on knowledge about e-cigarettes. For knowledge, questions have 3 response choices (True, False, and not sure). Correct answers are scored as 1, incorrect are scored as 0, and not sure responses are also scored as 0. Total scores range from 0 to 15, with higher scores indicating better performance. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | 6 months after gameplay |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Intentions of E-cigarettes Pre-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' intentions involving e-cigarette use - pretest survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) and then play the videogame intervention. The survey includes 1 question adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014): "Do you think you will vape or use an e-cigarette, like JUUL, in the next year?" Participants respond on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (very likely). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Intentions of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' intentions involving e-cigarette use - post test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) after playing videogame intervention. The survey includes 1 question adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014): "Do you think you will vape or use an e-cigarette, like JUUL, in the next year?" Participants respond on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (very likely). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | immediately after gameplay |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Intentions of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' intentions involving e-cigarette use - 3 months post test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 1 question adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014): "Do you think you will vape or use an e-cigarette, like JUUL, in the next year?" Participants respond on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (very likely). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 3 months after gameplay |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Intentions of E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' intentions involving e-cigarette use - 6 months post test survey. Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes 1 question adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014): "Do you think you will vape or use an e-cigarette, like JUUL, in the next year?" Participants respond on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all likely) to 5 (very likely). | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 6 months after gameplay |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceptions Involving E-cigarettes Pretest | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' harm perceptions involving e-cigarette use - pretest survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) before playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 5 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) focus on harm perceptions about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 choices ranging from 1 (no harm) to 4 (a lot of harm). Some items are reverse coded such that higher mean scores indicate greater perceived harm of e-cigarettes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater perceived harm. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceptions Involving E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' harm perceptions involving e-cigarette use - post-test survey. Participants will complete the survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 5 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on harm perceptions about e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 choices ranging from 1 (no harm) to 4 (a lot of harm). Some items are reverse coded such that higher scores indicate greater perceived harm of e-cigarettes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater perceived harm. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | immediately after gameplay is completed |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceptions Involving E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' harm perceptions involving e-cigarette use - 3 month post-test survey. Participants complete a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) 3 months after playing the intervention. The survey includes 5 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on harm perceptions of e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 choices ranging from 1 (no harm) to 4 (a lot of harm). Some items are reverse coded such that higher scores indicate greater perceived harm of e-cigarettes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater perceived harm. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 3 months after gameplay is completed |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Perceptions Involving E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' harm perceptions involving e-cigarette use - post-test survey. Participants completed a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) 6 months after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 5 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on harm perceptions of e-cigarettes. Questions have 4 choices ranging from 1 (no harm) to 4 (a lot of harm). Some items are reverse coded such that higher scores indicate greater perceived harm of e-cigarettes. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater perceived harm. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 6 months after gameplay is completed |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Refuse E-cigarettes Pre-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes - pretest survey. Participants will complete a pre-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) and then play the videogame intervention. The survey includes 6 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. Questions are Likert scale and have 4 choices ranging from 1 (not at all sure) to 4 (definitely sure). Higher scores represent greater self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes across a variety of situations. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater elf-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | baseline |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Refuse E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes - post-test survey. Participants will completed a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) immediately after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 6 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. Questions are Likert scale and have 4 choices ranging from 1 (not at all sure) to 4 (definitely sure). Higher scores represent greater self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes across a variety of situations. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater elf-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | immediately after gameplay |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Refuse E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes - 3 months post-test survey. Participants will completed a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) 3 months after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 6 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. Questions are Likert scale and have 4 choices ranging from 1 (not at all sure) to 4 (definitely sure). Higher scores represent greater self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes across a variety of situations. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater elf-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 3 months after gameplay |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Refuse E-cigarettes Post-test | To determine the impact of a VR prevention videogame intervention prototype, Invite Only VR, on participants' self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes - 6 months post-test survey. Participants completed a survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software) 6 months after playing the videogame intervention. The survey includes 6 questions adapted from the National Youth Tobacco Survey (2014) that focus on self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. Questions are Likert scale and have 4 choices ranging from 1 (not at all sure) to 4 (definitely sure). Higher scores represent greater self-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes across a variety of situations. Items were averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores indicating greater elf-efficacy to refuse e-cigarettes. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 6 months after gameplay |
|
|
|
| Other Pre-specified | Satisfaction With Gameplay Experience - Experimental Only | To determine participants' satisfaction and gameplay experience - posttest survey (experimental only). Participants will complete a post-survey through a secured, data collection website (Qualtrics Data Collection Software). The survey includes questions adapted from a survey developed at the play2PREVENT Lab about gameplay satisfaction and experience. Questions have 4 choices ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Some items were reverse coded prior to all items being averaged into a composite scale that ranged from 1 to 4, with higher scores representing greater satisfaction with gameplay experience. | Only teens in the Invite Only VR Videogame Group responded to this survey. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | immediately after gameplay |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 155 |
| 0 |
| 155 |
| 0 |
| 155 |
| EG001 | Teens Receive Treatment as Usual | 132 adolescents receive treatment as usual, which includes regular instruction in health class regarding the dangers of e-cigarettes treatment as usual: treatment as usual | 0 | 132 | 0 | 132 | 0 | 132 |
Not provided
Not provided