The Effects of Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation on Cardiac Structure and Function, Symptoms, and Exercise Capacity

The Effects of Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation on Cardiac Structure and Function, Symptoms, and Exercise Capacity

Current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend that patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation be considered for mitral valve surgery. There remains a debate within the cardiology community regarding the appropriate management of patients who remain asymptomatic. In this study the investigators will perform longitudinal follow-up data with cardiac MRI to inform the prophylactic surgery vs. close follow-up debate and to better define the natural history of this condition. The investigators hypothesize, that in the majority of patients mitral regurgitation will not worsen overtime, left ventricular hemodynamics will remain stable, exercise capacity will not decline, and symptoms will not worsen during follow-up. This finding would have a significant impact on the current recommendations for treatment in patients with mitral regurgitation by supporting a conservative management approach.

Current ACC/AHA guidelines recommend that patients with severe degenerative mitral regurgitation be considered for mitral valve surgery. There remains a debate within the cardiology community regarding the appropriate management of patients who remain asymptomatic. There are those who advocate for performing early "prophylactic" mitral valve surgery while others advocate clinical follow-up until triggers emerge with echocardiography historically being the method used for longitudinal assessment of cardiac anatomy and function. Two studies showed that only ~30% of asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation made endpoints that triggered. However, these studies were limited and did not perform rigorous follow up assessment of regurgitant volume, left ventricular hemodynamics, exercise capacity, or quality of life assessment. In addition, in these studies mitral regurgitation and left ventricular size and function was assessed by echocardiography. Echocardiography has known limitations in assessing ventricular size and, as recent studies have shown, may not be the optimal modality to assess mitral regurgitant severity. MRI is the gold standard for non-invasive quantification of the left and right ventricles volumes and function and has emerged as a reference standard for quantifying mitral regurgitation. In this study the investigators will perform longitudinal follow-up data with cardiac MRI to inform the prophylactic surgery vs. close follow-up debate and to better define the natural history of this condition. The investigators hypothesize, that in the majority of patients mitral regurgitation will not worsen overtime, left ventricular hemodynamics will remain stable, exercise capacity will not decline, and symptoms will not worsen during follow-up. This finding would have a significant impact on the current recommendations for treatment in patients with mitral regurgitation by supporting a conservative management approach.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age >=18 yrs
2. able to give informed consent
3. Diagnoses of moderate or severe degenerative mitral regurgitation (based on the integrated approach recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Left ventricular ejection fraction <60%
2. Heart failure
3. Pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery systolic pressure >40mmHg at rest or >60mmHg with exercise as assessed by echocardiography)
4. Atrial fibrillation
5. Concomitant > mild aortic or mitral stenosis, >mild aortic or tricuspid or pulmonic regurgitation
6. Prior valvular heart disease surgery
7. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or an infiltrative cardiomyopathy
8. Unable to exercise on a treadmill
9. Symptomatic coronary artery disease
10. Comorbidities expected to impact functional capacity and confound symptom assessment (e.g COPD)
11. Expected lifespan of less than 2 years