Estimation of Injection Volume for Caudal Epidural Block Using Dynamic US Imaging in Children

Estimation of Injection Volume for Caudal Epidural Block Using Dynamic Ultrasound Imaging in Young Pediatric Patients: an Observational Study

Caudal epidural block is the most commonly used technique for analgesia in pediatric patients. Although there are clinically used doses of local anesthetics for caudal epidural block, we do not know exactly how much levels are blocked in young children. Thus, we aimed to identify the spreading of injection of local anesthetics for caudal epidural block using ultrasound imaging in young children.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age: 6-24months
• ASA 1-3
• body weight: 5-20kg

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients who refuse to participate
• local site infection, pilonidal cyst, spina bifida
• spinal/meningeal abnormality
• patients who discharge after surgery without admission
• patients who is judged ineligible for other reasons by the authors