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DISCOVER CKD is an international observational cohort study in patients with CKD, comprising both prospective and retrospective patient cohorts. The study does not attempt to test any specific a priori hypotheses, is largely descriptive, and utilises data collected only under conditions of routine clinical care.
DISCOVER CKD is an international observational cohort study in CKD patients, comprising both prospective and retrospective patient cohorts. The study does not attempt to test any specific a priori hypotheses, is largely descriptive, and utilises data collected only under conditions of routine clinical care. No additional invasive clinical tests or procedures are mandated per study protocol, and all data collected/extracted is based solely on observations of disease management and treatment decisions made between the treating physicians and their patients, and is not intended to be interventional in anyway. Patients will not receive any experimental intervention or experimental treatment as a result of participating in this study. Analyses will be conducted separately for prospective and retrospective CKD cohorts (via interim reports), and then in aggregate by combining prospective and retrospective data, to the extent possible, at the end of the study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Retrospective CKD cohort | Retrospective (secondary) data refers to patient data extracted from existing electronic health records (EHRs)/registries/databases. It represents existing real-world data, regardless of reason for collection or location of storage and is analogous to those represented in the study protocol for which feasibility assessments are conducted. Retrospective data will be collected from registries, databases, and EHRs. The aim is to identify and extract clinical data retrospectively from a minimum of 100000 (no set maximum) CKD patients via existing databases/registries/EHRs across geographies. The retrospective data will be captured beginning 1 January 2008 through the most currently available data. | ||
| Prospective CKD cohort | Prospective (primary and secondary) data refers to manual collection/extraction of data in a de novo manner for the purpose of addressing study objectives. Collection/extraction of patient data in the prospective cohort will be done via electronic case report form, questionnaires, and mobile phone/tablet application. The initial aim is to identify and collect/extract data from approximately 1000 (no set maximum) enrolled CKD patients until the decision to stop the study is taken, with the possibility of prospective follow-up for a minimum of approximately 1 year up to a maximum of approximately 3 years. The patient specific data in the prospective cohort will be collected by utilizing Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) questionnaire, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire, Short Form (SF)-36 questionnaires, simple food diary, and other patient reported outcomes - including a set of questions to collect patient symptoms. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Construct a cohort of patients with CKD | Construct a multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD that can be used for primary and secondary analyses | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients with CKD with comorbidities and other patient characteristics | Describe patient characteristics including demographics, clinical assessments, family history, procedures, laboratory measurements, treatment patterns and adherence, healthcare resource utilization and clinical history (comorbidities) stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in laboratory values over time | Describing trajectories in laboratory variables over time stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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For prospective (primary and secondary) data collection/extraction, all individuals with CKD fulfilling the inclusion criteria but none of the exclusion criteria will be considered; attempts will be made to enrich the data collection/extraction of patient samples by ensuring sufficient numbers of each CKD stage with comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, heart failure, coronary artery disease, etc.
For retrospective (secondary) data extraction, all individuals with CKD fulfilling the inclusion criteria and who have at least 1-year of medical history (within the selected registry, EHR, or database) prior to baseline (index) date will be considered.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research Site | Riverside | California | 92505-3071 | United States | ||
| Research Site |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39611870 | Derived | Pollock C, Carrero JJ, Kanda E, Ofori-Asenso R, Chen H, Garcia Sanchez JJ, Pentakota S, Pecoits-Filho R, Fishbane S, Lam CSP, Kashihara N, Wheeler DC. Baseline Characteristics of the DISCOVER CKD Prospective Cohort. Adv Ther. 2025 Mar;42(3):1393-1418. doi: 10.1007/s12325-024-03028-z. Epub 2024 Nov 29. | |
| 39173604 | Derived |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| CSR Synopsis\_Redacted | View source |
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Qualified researchers can request access to anonymized individual patient-level data from AstraZeneca group of companies sponsored clinical trials via the request portal. All requests will be evaluated as per the AZ disclosure commitment: https://astrazenecagrouptrials.pharmacm.com/ST/Submission/Disclosure.
Yes, indicates that AZ are accepting requests for IPD, but this does not mean all requests will be shared.
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AstraZeneca will meet or exceed data availability as per the commitments made to the EFPIA Pharma Data Sharing Principles. For details of our timelines, please rerefer to our disclosure commitment at https://astrazenecagrouptrials.pharmacm.com/ST/Submission/Disclosure.
When a request has been approved AstraZeneca will provide access to the deidentified individual patient-level data in an approved sponsored tool . Signed Data Sharing Agreement (non-negotiable contract for data accessors) must be in place before accessing requested information. Additionally, all users will need to accept the terms and conditions of the SAS MSE to gain access. For additional details, please review the Disclosure Statements at https://astrazenecagrouptrials.pharmacm.com/ST/Submission/Disclosure.
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| Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Change in estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] | To evaluate disease progression using retrospective and prospective data from the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Time to end-stage kidney disease | To evaluate disease progression using retrospective and prospective data from the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Time to incident clinical outcomes | To evaluate disease progression using retrospective and prospective data from the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Incidence of clinical outcomes | To evaluate clinical outcomes using retrospective and prospective data from the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Prevalence of clinical outcomes | To evaluate clinical outcomes using retrospective and prospective data from the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Time to clinical outcomes | To evaluate clinical outcomes using retrospective and prospective data from the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Hazard ratio of clinical outcomes | To evaluate clinical outcomes using retrospective and prospective data from the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Number of patients prescribed different treatments related to CKD and associated comorbidities | To understand the treatment practice and medication adherence using retrospective and prospective data from the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Describing cost associated with utilizing healthcare resources for CKD | To understand the healthcare resource use and cost using retrospective and prospective data from the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Health related quality of life as assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire | Patient specific data will be collected in a prospective manner in the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status. The SF-36 is a multipurpose questionnaire with 36 questions to measure status of different health domains | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years |
| Physical activity as assessed using RAPA questionnaire | Patient specific data will be collected in a prospective manner in the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status. The RAPA is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 9 binary (yes or no) questions to understand level of physical activity by an individual | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years |
| Diet assessed using food dairies | Patient specific data will be collected in a prospective manner in the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years |
| Work productivity as assessed WPAI | Patient specific data will be collected in a prospective manner in the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status. The WPAI questionnaire consists of 6 questions to assess the impact of disease on work productivity | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years |
| Describing patient specific symptoms | Patient specific data will be collected in a prospective manner in the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years |
| Describing patient experiences with CKD via qualitative interviews | Patient specific data will be collected in a prospective manner in the multinational longitudinal cohort of patients with CKD stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years |
| Number of deaths | Information of death (including cause of death) will be obtained stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Risk factors associated with CKD | Exploring and identifying risk factors associated with CKD and other comorbidities stratified for example by: CKD stage, select demographic characteristics, country and comorbidity status including, hyperkalemia, anemia, and diabetes status | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years Retrospective cohort: From 1 January 2008 up to approximately 15 years of patient follow-up |
| Number of patients using a mobile phone/tablet application | To evaluate compliance of questionnaire completion, data on number of patients using mobile phone/tablet application will be collected | Prospective cohort: From baseline up to approximately 3 years |
| San Francisco |
| California |
| 94110-3518 |
| United States |
| Research Site | Sanford | Florida | 32771 | United States |
| Research Site | Sebring | Florida | 33870-1216 | United States |
| Research Site | Plymouth | Massachusetts | 02360 | United States |
| Research Site | Manhasset | New York | 11030-3816 | United States |
| Research Site | The Bronx | New York | 10461-1900 | United States |
| Research Site | Roseburg | Oregon | 97471-8830 | United States |
| Research Site | El Paso | Texas | 79902-4821 | United States |
| Research Site | Houston | Texas | 77099 | United States |
| Research Site | San Antonio | Texas | 78229 | United States |
| Research Site | Rome | Lazio | 00161 | Italy |
| Research Site | Milan | Lombardy | 20156 | Italy |
| Research Site | Bologna | 40138 | Italy |
| Research Site | Modena | 41124 | Italy |
| Research Site | Naples | 80138 | Italy |
| Research Site | Nagoya | Aiti [Aichi] | 466-8560 | Japan |
| Research Site | Kashihara-shi | Nara | 634-8522 | Japan |
| Research Site | Kurashiki | Okayama-ken | 701-0192 | Japan |
| Research Site | Itabashi-Ku | Tôkyô [Tokyo] | 173-0003 | Japan |
| Research Site | Kumamoto | 860-8556 | Japan |
| Research Site | Okayama | 700-8558 | Japan |
| Research Site | Osaka | Ôsaka [Osaka] | 545-0051 | Japan |
| Research Site | Ferrol | A Coruña | 15401 | Spain |
| Research Site | Santiago de Compostela | A Coruña | 15706 | Spain |
| Research Site | Vigo | A Coruña | 36213 | Spain |
| Research Site | Manresa | Catalonia | 08243 | Spain |
| Research Site | Donostia / San Sebastian | Guipúzcoa | 20014 | Spain |
| Research Site | Barcelona | 08041 | Spain |
| Research Site | Lleida | 25198 | Spain |
| Research Site | Madrid | 28007 | Spain |
| Research Site | Seville | 41950 | Spain |
| Research Site | Linköping | Linkoping | 58185 | Sweden |
| Research Site | Lund | Skåne Län [se-12] | 222 21 | Sweden |
| Research Site | Danderyd | Stockholms Län [se-01] | 182 57 | Sweden |
| Research Site | Stockholm | Stockholms Län [se-01] | 14186 | Sweden |
| Research Site | London | Camden. | NW3 2QG | United Kingdom |
| Research Site | Hull | East Riding Of Yorkshire | HU3 2JZ | United Kingdom |
| Research Site | Salford | Greater Manchester | M6 8HD | United Kingdom |
| Research Site | London | London, City of | EC1A 7BE | United Kingdom |
| Research Site | Nottingham | Nottinghamshire | NG5 1PB | United Kingdom |
| Research Site | Chippenham | Wiltshire | SN15 2SB | United Kingdom |
| Research Site | Leeds | Yorkshire | LS9 7TF | United Kingdom |
| Pollock C, Carrero JJ, Kanda E, Ofori-Asenso R, Palmer E, Niklasson A, Linder A, Woodward H, Pentakota S, Garcia Sanchez JJ, Kashihara N, Fishbane S, Pecoits-Filho R, Wheeler DC. The Lived Experience of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From DISCOVER CKD. Am J Nephrol. 2024;55(6):618-628. doi: 10.1159/000541064. Epub 2024 Aug 22. |
| 39052473 | Derived | Fishbane S, Carrero JJ, Kumar S, Kanda E, Hedman K, Ofori-Asenso R, Kashihara N, Kosiborod MN, Lainscak M, Pollock C, Stenvinkel P, Wheeler DC, Pecoits-Filho R. Hyperkalemia Burden and Treatment Pathways in Patients with CKD: Findings From the DISCOVER CKD Retrospective Cohort. Kidney360. 2024 Jul 1;5(7):974-986. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000468. Epub 2024 May 28. |
| 38958839 | Derived | Heerspink H, Nolan S, Carrero JJ, Arnold M, Pecoits-Filho R, Garcia Sanchez JJ, Wittbrodt E, Cabrera C, Lam CSP, Chen H, Kanda E, Lainscak M, Pollock C, Wheeler DC. Clinical Outcomes in Patients with CKD and Rapid or Non-rapid eGFR Decline: A Report from the DISCOVER CKD Retrospective Cohort. Adv Ther. 2024 Aug;41(8):3264-3277. doi: 10.1007/s12325-024-02913-x. Epub 2024 Jul 3. |
| 37578188 | Derived | Pollock C, Sanchez JJG, Carrero JJ, Kumar S, Pecoits-Filho R, Lam CSP, Chen H, Kanda E, Lainscak M, Wheeler DC. Glucose-lowering treatment pathways of individuals with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2012 risk classification. Diabet Med. 2024 Feb;41(2):e15200. doi: 10.1111/dme.15200. Epub 2023 Aug 26. |
| 36090504 | Derived | James G, Garcia Sanchez JJ, Carrero JJ, Kumar S, Pecoits-Filho R, Heerspink HJL, Nolan S, Lam CSP, Chen H, Kanda E, Kashihara N, Arnold M, Kosiborod MN, Lainscak M, Pollock C, Wheeler DC. Low Adherence to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2012 CKD Clinical Practice Guidelines Despite Clear Evidence of Utility. Kidney Int Rep. 2022 Jun 8;7(9):2059-2070. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.05.033. eCollection 2022 Sep. |
| 35112306 | Derived | Pollock C, James G, Garcia Sanchez JJ, Arnold M, Carrero JJ, Lam CSP, Chen H, Nolan S, Pecoits-Filho R. Cost of End-of-Life Inpatient Encounters in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States: A Report from the DISCOVER CKD Retrospective Cohort. Adv Ther. 2022 Mar;39(3):1432-1445. doi: 10.1007/s12325-021-02010-3. Epub 2022 Feb 3. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D051436 | Renal Insufficiency, Chronic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D051437 | Renal Insufficiency |
| D007674 | Kidney Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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