Renal Protocol Protection in CKD Patients

Development of Renal Protection Protocol Using Low Dose Contrast Media and Spectral Computed Tomography in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

This study aims to investigate whether acceptable image quality is achievable using low contrast media dose and low keV imaging in chronic kidney disease.

Inclusion Criteria:

• High risk group for developing HCC
• Scheduled contrast-enhanced CT for HCC diagnosis or surveillance
• chronic kidney disease (Estimated GFR < 60mL/min/1.73m2)

Exclusion Criteria:

• not a high risk group for developing HCC
• congestive hepatopathy
• on dialysis
• no venous access on forearm
• anticipated beam hardening artifact due to prosthesis
• relative/absolute contra-indication of contrast-enhanced CT except CKD (Estimated GFR < 60mL/min/1.73m2)