Identify by culture the urinary microbiota of patients with bladder cancer (at the time of diagnosis) and controls.Identify by metagenomics the urinary microbiota of patients with bladder cancer (at the time of diagnosis) and controls.

Relationships between the human microbiota and various pathologies such as cancer have been demonstrated. The microbiota would have an influence on the effectiveness of anticancer treatments.

Bladder cancers are five times more common in men than women, and this difference in incidence has long been explained by a higher smoking rate among men. However, the increase in smoking among women has not led, as in the case of lung cancer, to a significant increase in bladder cancer among them.

Urine bladder has long been considered "sterile" by generations of researchers. Recent studies have shown that most urine is not sterile but instead contains a different microbiota in both men and women. In women Actinobacteria, including Mycobacteria, and Bacteroidetes have been detected.

BCG therapy is used in the treatment of bladder cancer. BCG, in addition to being a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis, is a mycobacterium belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria [4]. Controversial studies have suggested the same potential for Lactobacillus casei. Lactobacillii are Firmicutes found both in the urinary microbiota of men and women.

Thus microbiota composed mainly of Actinobacteria could be associated with a lower incidence of bladder cancers in women.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Person receiving a cystoscopy in the context of a suspicion of bladder cancer
• Person and / or legal guardian for minors who have been informed about the study and have not expressed opposition to participate in the study.
• Affiliated person or beneficiary of a social security scheme.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Vulnerable person: pregnant, parturient or nursing woman,
• person under guardianship or curatorship, or deprived of liberty by a judicial or administrative decision.
• Person treated with antibiotics

Any present patient meeting the inclusion criteria of the study will be offered to participate in the study. For this purpose during the hospitalization or consultation of the patient, the investigator or his collaborator.