Assessment of Variations of The Number of Roots & Root Canal Configurations of Permanent Maxillary Premolars and their Relation to the Floor of the Maxillary sinus

Assessment of Variations of The Number of Roots & Root Canal Configurations of Permanent Maxillary Premolars and their Relation to the Floor of the Maxillary sinus in a Sample of Egyptian Population using CBCT: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Inclusion Criteria:

• Fully maturated and erupted maxillary permanent premolars of Egyptian patients, males or females.
• Intact maxillary premolars' roots without fractures or cracks.
• Maxillary Premolars without posts or previous root canal treatment.
• CBCT scans of different fields of view could be included as long as it shows maxillary premolars.
• CBCT scans of 0.2 mm voxel resolution {the maximum voxel size accepted for endodontic imaging}

Exclusion Criteria:

• Maxillary premolars with:

Developmental anomalies. External or internal root resorption. Root canal calcification. Previous root canal treatment Post restorations. Root caries especially reaching the bifurcation area.

• Evidence of apicectomy or periapical surgery
• CBCT images of poor quality or artifacts interfering with the assessment of the root canals.

Egyptian Population