Running Title: PPAR-γ, RXR-α, and VDR Expressions in Periodontitis

PPAR-γ, RXR-α, and VDR Expressions in Periodontitis Patients With Different Stage and Grade Involvement

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the expressions of nuclear receptors PPAR (Peroxisome proliferative activator receptor)-γ, RXR (Retinoid X receptor)-α, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in healthy volunteers and periodontitis patients with different grade involvement.

Methods: Group-1; healthy individuals, Group-2; periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade B, (H-GradeB), Group-3; periodontitis patients-stage 3 grade C, (D-GradeC). Clinical parameters as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) were measured. Fibroblast and inflammatory cells, PPAR-γ, RXR-α, and VDR levels were determined in histological slides.

Inclusion Criteria:

• systemic health
• no drug use
• no previous periodontal treatment within six months
• no tobacco use

Exclusion Criteria:

• pregnant or lactating women
• patients used antibiotics in the last 6 months