This project evaluates an intervention designed to prevent early child marriage in Nepal. The intervention consists of community dialogues, activist trainings, and community organized activities aimed at transforming social norms around gender. There will be three groups within the study: one exposed to the full program, one exposed to a lighter version of the program, and one that has not been exposed to the program. The impact evaluation will consist of qualitative and quantitative methods that compare these three groups.

Each year, child marriage, before age 18 years, affects more than 10 million girls globally. The practice is associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes and diminished long-term economic empowerment. About half of all child marriages occur in South Asia. A recent study in four high prevalence South Asian countries showed declines in girl-child marriage from 1991-1994 to 2005-2007, however, these declines were concentrated in the youngest ages. Namely, significant relative reductions occurred in the marriage of girls before age 14 years in all countries, however, little or no change was seen in the marriage of 16- to 17-year-old girls for any country except Bangladesh, where the prevalence of such marriages increased.

Tipping Point (TP) is an innovative program developed by Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, Inc. (CARE) to change community social norms and build capacity among adolescent girls to become agents of change in their communities, with the ultimate goal of reducing the risk of child marriage.

The quantitative evaluation of the TP package will involve a three arm Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (CRCT), where the arms are as follows:

• Arm 1: Full TP intervention including emphasized social norms change
• Arm 2: Light TP intervention without emphasized social norms change
• Arm 3: Pure control

The overall evaluation in Nepal will start with the baseline study, followed by eighteen months of interventions. After the intervention phase, there will be a one year 'freeze' period, when no interventions will take place. After that one year, the end-line evaluation study will be conducted in Nepal to assess the impact of the packages.

Inclusion Criteria for Clusters

• marginalized communities based on CARE Nepal formula
• communities prioritized by Nepal Government
• no concurrent non-governmental organization (NGO) programming
• no concurrent CARE programming

Inclusion Criteria for Boys and Girls (invited to participate in the intervention, survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions)

• unmarried
• age 12 -under 17
• living in study community
• no plans to migrate in subsequent 24 months

Inclusion Criteria for Mothers and Fathers of Selected Boys and Girls (invited to intervention and focus group discussions)

• male and female parental figures of an adolescent who has been recruited to participate in the intervention and associated measurement

Exclusion Criteria for Mothers and Fathers of Selected Boys and Girls:

• none

Inclusion Criteria for Community Adults:

• at least 25 years of age
• living in one of the study Communities
• no plans to migrate during the next two years

Exclusion Criteria for Community Adults:

• none

Full baseline and endline datasets will be made available for sharing.

Individual participant data will be available for sharing upon acceptance of main results for publication or 24 months after completion of endline, whichever comes first.

Individual participant data will be accessible by written permission of the project principal investigators for analyses not related to the primary aims of this study, unless to test reproducibility. Access to the data can be requested by writing to the CARE Tipping Point Program Director anne.sprinkel@care.org