The study is a sequentially recruited, cross-over-cohort, outpatient-based evaluation of the effectiveness of wool clothing, as compared to standard clothing, in reducing the severity of childhood atopic dermatitis (eczema) over two consecutive six-week periods.

The study will aim for a sample size of approximately 150 participants (equally distributed between 3 international sites) between the ages of 3 months and 5 years referred to the respective Dermatology Departments for management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. They will be sequentially recruited and randomized to the wool-to-standard clothing arm or standard clothing-to-wool arm.

The study will run for 12 weeks for each participant with two consecutive 6-week periods for each intervention, either of wool followed by standard clothing or standard followed by wool clothing. Participants will be assessed by a blinded trained researcher, at their initial appointment, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 9 weeks and 12 weeks post commencement of the first intervention.

The primary outcome is the severity of atopic dermatitis at 6 weeks post commencement of each intervention i.e.at week 6 and week 12. Severity of atopic eczema will be measured using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI).

Secondary outcomes include the severity and change in the severity of eczema using the EASI at 3 weeks, the validated Investigators Global Assessment for atopic dermatitis (vIGA-AD™) score and quality of life assessment using the children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (cDLQI) at 3 and 6 weeks of each 6 week intervention period, as well as weekly Patient Oriented SCORing Atopic Dermatitis index (PO-SCORAD) scores.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Is aged between 3 months and 5 years of age at the time of recruitment
• Has moderate to severe eczema as determined by an EASI score of 7 or above at their initial visit
• Has a legally acceptable representative capable of understanding the informed consent document and providing consent on the participants behalf

Exclusion Criteria:

• Has a known allergic contact dermatitis to wool or merino wool
• Is unable to attend all scheduled visits
• Has unstable eczema defined by an escalation of treatment requirements during the preceding 6 weeks. This would include flares of AD for any reason including infection, food allergy etc.
• Use of systemic corticosteroids within 6 weeks of study start.
• Any medical reason that is considered by the principal investigator to preclude enrolment.

The de-identified data set collected for this analysis of the DESSINE2 trial will be available six months after publication of the primary outcome.

The study protocol, analysis plan and consent forms will also be available. The data may be obtained from the Murdoch Children's Research Institute by emailing john.su@mcri.edu.au

6 months after publication of the primary outcome

Prior to releasing any data the following are required: a data access agreement must be signed between relevant parties, the DESSINE2 Trial Steering Committee must see and approve the analysis plan describing how the data will be analysed, there must be an agreement around appropriate acknowledgement and any additional costs involved must be covered. Data will only be shared with a recognised research institution which has approved the proposed analysis plan.