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Participation in contact sports is linked to an increased risk of dental injuries. To reduce the risk and severity of sports-related dental injuries, mouthguards are often recommended to be worn during training and competition. However, athletes often complain that they cannot talk properly when using mouthguards. It is hypothesized that speech performance differs when using different types of mouthguards. A group of female national rugby players will be asked to pronounce four Malay words with plosive sounds (/p/, /b/, /d/ and /t/) repeatedly in three conditions: (i) when not using any mouthguard, (ii) when using 'boil and bite' mouthguard, and (iii) when using custom-fitted mouthguard. The sounds will be recorded for spectrographic analysis. The difference in mean voice onset time between conditions will be assessed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rugby Players | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no mouthguard | Device | Control (not using mouthguard) |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean voice onset time | The delay between the start of the speech sound and the beginning of vocal cord vibration (in millisecond) | Immediate |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | 50300 | Malaysia |
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| Type | Date | Date Unknown |
|---|---|---|
| Release | Jul 10, 2019 | |
| Reset | Aug 15, 2019 |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | May 18, 2018 | Jul 2, 2019 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| Release Date | Unrelease Date | Unrelease Date Unknown | Reset Date | MCP Release Number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 10, 2019 | Aug 15, 2019 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013060 | Speech |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014705 | Verbal Behavior |
| D003142 | Communication |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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The participants will articulate phonemes with plosive sounds (/p/, /b/, /d/ and /t/) for the following conditions in a pre-determined sequence: (i) not using mouthguard; (ii) using a 'boil and bite' mouthguard; and (iii) using a custom-fitted mouthguard. A washout interval of one hour will be implemented between conditions.
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| 'boil and bite' mouthguard |
| Device |
KHZ058 Bicolor Mouth Guard (Shenzhen Kanghao Industrial Co. Ltd, China) will be immersed in a bowl of hot water (about 80 °C). After 50 seconds, the softened sheet will be fitted on the maxillary arch of the participant. The participant will then bite down to ensure the mouthguard stay firmly on the maxilla. After that, the mouthguard will be removed and immersed in cold water to retain its shape. |
|
| custom-fitted mouthguard | Device | The custom-fitted mouthguards will be constructed using the dual laminated technique with two layers of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) thermoplastic sheets (Dentsply International Raintree Essix, Court East Sarasota, USA). |
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