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C-peptide is used to evaluate beta cell reserves. Patients with type 2 diabetes are treated with insulin for different indications. Other than beta-cell insufficiency and organ failures, insulin treatment is needed for a specified period. The investigators want to evaluate beta cell reserves in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin for at least six months to see if that is the case. The investigators also want to compare the characteristics of these patients according to their beta cell reserves.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, initiation of insulin therapy is indicated in several conditions such as severe insulin resistance, acute metabolic decompensations, surgery, pregnancy, and progression of diabetic complications, and also when glycemic control cannot be achieved with effective lifestyle regulation and non-insulin antidiabetic medications. Some of these indications are transient, and patients should be reassessed to choose the appropriate treatment options. Clinical inertia is one of the new topics expressed in the recent diabetes guidelines. The investigators aimed to investigate the beta cell reserves of the patients with type 2 diabetes who are treated with insulin, to see if they have insufficient insulin secretion and if not, to compare their characteristics.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin | Patients with type 2 diabetes who have been using insulin for at least six months. They should be older than 18 years The patients should be presented to the Diabetes Outpatient Clinics of Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C-peptide concentrations | Diagnostic Test | The patients will be grouped by their C-peptide concentrations |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The incidence of adequate, borderline and insufficient beta cell reserves assessed by the fasting C-peptide concentrations | Fasting C-peptide concentrations will be measured in patients with type 2 diabetic patients using insulin as a monotherapy or as part of combination therapy and the patients will be grouped as patients with adequate beta cell reserves, patients with borderline beta cell reserves and patient with insufficient beta cell reserves. | 3 months |
| Correlations of fasting C-peptide concentrations with patients characteristics and biochemical findings | Correlations of fasting C-peptide concentrations with patients characteristics and biochemical findings, especially the components of metabolic syndrome. | 3 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin aged 18 years or older who presented to the Diabetes Outpatient Clinics of Istanbul Medeniyet University Goztepe Training and Research Hospital
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| AyÅŸe N Erbakan, MD | IMU Doctoral program | Principal Investigator |
| Mehmet Uzunlulu, Prof | IMU Goztepe Education and Research Hospital | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMU Goztepe Education and Research Hospital | Istanbul | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28484968 | Background | Leighton E, Sainsbury CA, Jones GC. A Practical Review of C-Peptide Testing in Diabetes. Diabetes Ther. 2017 Jun;8(3):475-487. doi: 10.1007/s13300-017-0265-4. Epub 2017 May 8. | |
| 14693724 | Background | Palmer JP, Fleming GA, Greenbaum CJ, Herold KC, Jansa LD, Kolb H, Lachin JM, Polonsky KS, Pozzilli P, Skyler JS, Steffes MW. C-peptide is the appropriate outcome measure for type 1 diabetes clinical trials to preserve beta-cell function: report of an ADA workshop, 21-22 October 2001. Diabetes. 2004 Jan;53(1):250-64. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.53.1.250. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| 30559235 | Background | American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019 Jan;42(Suppl 1):S90-S102. doi: 10.2337/dc19-S009. |
| 30742570 | Background | Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, Blonde L, Bloomgarden ZT, Bush MA, Dagogo-Jack S, DeFronzo RA, Einhorn D, Fonseca VA, Garber JR, Garvey WT, Grunberger G, Handelsman Y, Hirsch IB, Jellinger PS, McGill JB, Mechanick JI, Rosenblit PD, Umpierrez GE. CONSENSUS STATEMENT BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ON THE COMPREHENSIVE TYPE 2 DIABETES MANAGEMENT ALGORITHM - 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY. Endocr Pract. 2019 Jan;25(1):69-100. doi: 10.4158/CS-2018-0535. No abstract available. |
| 23413806 | Result | Jones AG, Hattersley AT. The clinical utility of C-peptide measurement in the care of patients with diabetes. Diabet Med. 2013 Jul;30(7):803-17. doi: 10.1111/dme.12159. |
| 31785503 | Derived | Uzunlulu M, Oguz A, Arslan Bahadir M, Erbakan AN, Vural Keskinler M, Alpaslan Mesci B. C-peptide concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019 Nov-Dec;13(6):3099-3104. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.11.010. Epub 2019 Nov 20. |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |