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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Kuopio University Hospital | OTHER |
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The LENTO study sample includes the caregivers and their clients living in eastern Finland. The aims of this study are
In Finland, the aim is to reduce the institutional care of older people and caring them in their own homes. The goal of shifting the focus of services to open services is difficult to implement if the health of the caregivers is inadequate. In order to achieve this goal, it is important to influence the health and performance of caregivers. Information is needed to support this, among others, about how the nutrition and oral health of caregivers can be promoted and to what extent this affects the performance and quality of life of their clients. A randomly of 220 caregivers over 65 years old and their clients is selected for this study. The caregivers are randomized to either treatment or control groups. At the beginning of the study is estimated the nutritional status and oral health of the caregivers. Based on the results, the nutritionist and dental hygienist give individual advice to optimize the nutrition and oral health of the caregivers in the intervention group. After six months, the same measurements are made as at the beginning of the study. Monitoring measurements will be made one year after the start of the intervention. The results of this project provide information on the health, well-being, and ability to the function of the caregivers. Based on the results, is developed an operating model that is intended to be wide as use as possible. Improving the nutrition and oral health of caregivers has a significant impact on their own and their clients health and well-being as well as the long-term care costs presumably.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group of nutrition | Experimental | On the basis of a blood test, Mini Nutritional Assessment, food diary and nutritional anamnesis, the nutritionist developed a plan for individualised nutritional care and discussed with the caregivers. If the caregivers seemed unable to increase the energy and/or protein of their diet, daily complementary dietary drinks were recommended to them. The participants were re-examined six months after the baseline interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. |
|
| Control group of nutrition | No Intervention | The control group has the same examinations as the intervention group, they do not get dietary counseling. | |
| Intervention group of oral health | Experimental | After the dental hygienist interview and oral health examination, the caregivers in need were targeted for oral health intervention. The intervention included individualised instructions on either dental hygiene, denture hygiene, cleaning of the oral mucosa or for dry mouth. The participants were re-examined six months after the baseline interviews to evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions. |
|
| Control group of oral health | No Intervention | The control group has the same examinations as the intervention group, they do not get oral health counseling. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nutrition and oral health intervention | Other | The interventions included individualised nutrition and oral health care. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Nutritional status | Change in MNA scores | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Albumin | Change in plasma albumin concentration | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Prealbumin | Change in plasma prealbumin concentration | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | Change in BMI | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Hand grip strength | Change in had grip strength of boot hands | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Number and location of teeth | Change in number and location of teeth | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Type and location of removable dental prosthesis | Change in type and location of removable dental prosthesis | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Oral mucosa | Change in oral mucosa | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Activities of Daily Living | Change in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Instrumental Activities of Daily Living | Change in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scores |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ursula o Schwab, PhD | Study Principal Inverstigator, professor | Study Director |
| Liisa o Suominen, PhD | Study Principal Inverstigator, professor | Principal Investigator |
| Tarja o Välimäki, PhD | Study Principal Inverstigator, adjuct professor | Principal Investigator |
| Irma o Nykänen, PhD | Study Principal Investigator, adjuct professor | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Eastern Finland | Kuopio | FI-70210 | Finland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42423625 | Derived | Razzaq S, Valimaki T, Nykanen I, Koponen S, Savela RM, Schwab U, Suominen AL. The Effect of an Individualized Oral Health Intervention on Oral Health-Related Behaviours Among Family Caregivers and Care Recipients. Gerodontology. 2026 Jul 9. doi: 10.1111/ger.70104. Online ahead of print. | |
| 40129259 | Derived | Annina S, Irma N, Tarja V, Sohvi K, Roosa-Maria S, Ursula S, Suominen AL. The Effect of an Individually Tailored Oral Health Intervention on Dental Plaque and Caries Among Family Caregivers and Their Care Recipients. Gerodontology. 2025 Dec;42(4):495-506. doi: 10.1111/ger.12814. Epub 2025 Mar 25. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003731 | Dental Caries |
| D013280 | Stomatitis |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D003773 | Dental Plaque |
| D005882 | Gingival Diseases |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017001 | Tooth Demineralization |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D003741 | Dental Deposits |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009752 | Nutritional Status |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009747 | Nutritional Physiological Phenomena |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D006304 | Health Status |
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| Condition of teeth | Change in condition of teeth | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Presence of plaque | Change in presence of plaque | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Gingival bleeding and measurement of periodontal pockets | Change in gingival bleeding and measurement of periodontal pockets | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Dental and denture hygiene | Change dental and denture hygiene | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Subjective feeling of dry mouth and pain in mouth | Change in subjective feeling of dry mouth and pain in mouth | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Quality of Life (WHOQOL) -bref scores | Change in quality of Life (WHOQOL) -bref scores | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Depression | Change in Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-15 scores | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Cognition | Change in Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Sense of coherence | Change in sense of coherence (SOC) scores | Baseline and 6 months and (12 months follow-up visit) |
| Morbidity | Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI) scores | Baseline |
| 39211745 | Derived | Koponen S, Nykanen I, Savela RM, Valimaki T, Suominen AL, Schwab U. Underweight, overweight, and weight change in older family caregivers and their care recipients: longitudinal evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Front Aging. 2024 Aug 15;5:1376825. doi: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1376825. eCollection 2024. |
| 38901942 | Derived | Koponen S, Nykanen I, Savela RM, Valimaki T, Suominen AL, Schwab U. Family caregivers' better nutritional status is associated with care recipients' better nutritional status. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024 Aug;62:199-205. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.016. Epub 2024 May 28. |
| 38775632 | Derived | Razzaq S, Nykanen I, Valimaki T, Koponen S, Savela RM, Schwab U, Suominen AL. Use of oral health care services by family caregivers and care recipients: the LENTO intervention. Acta Odontol Scand. 2024 May 22;83:317-326. doi: 10.2340/aos.v83.40687. |
| 37739684 | Derived | Koponen S, Nykanen I, Savela RM, Valimaki T, Suominen AL, Schwab U. Depressive symptoms, low-grade inflammation, and poor oral health prevents the success of nutritional guidance in older caregivers. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2023 Oct;57:39-47. doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.018. Epub 2023 Jun 22. |
| 35622137 | Derived | Koponen S, Nykanen I, Savela RM, Valimaki T, Suominen AL, Schwab U. Individually tailored nutritional guidance improved dietary intake of older family caregivers: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Nutr. 2022 Oct;61(7):3585-3596. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02908-w. Epub 2022 May 27. |
| 34526071 | Derived | Nykanen I, Valimaki T, Suominen L, Schwab U. Optimizing nutrition and oral health for caregivers-intervention protocol. Trials. 2021 Sep 15;22(1):625. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05589-8. |
| D010510 |
| Periodontal Diseases |
| D003710 | Demography |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |