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The healthy overhead athletes with and without upper trapezius myofascial trigger point will be asked to perform a scapular elevation task until the upper trapezius muscle fatigue. The first hypothesis is that the subjects with upper trapezius myofascial trigger point will show significant difference in scapular kinematics and muscles activities when compared to subjects without upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. Besides, the investigators suggest that subjects with/without upper trapezius myofascial trigger point will show significant difference in scapular kinematics and muscles activities after upper trapezius muscle fatigue, especially in subjects with upper trapezius myofascial trigger point.
The investigators will recruit healthy overhead athletes with and without upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. Participants will be asked to perform a sustained scapular elevation task at their peak force until the force decrease 50 %, which indicates upper trapezius muscle fatigue. There are two purposes in the current study: (1) to compare the differences between overhead athletes with/without upper trapezius myofascial trigger point during arm elevation in scapular kinematics and muscles activities (2) to investigate the effects of upper trapezius muscle fatigue on scapular kinematics and muscles activities in overhead athletes with/without upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. The first hypothesis is that the subjects with upper trapezius myofascial trigger point will show significant difference in scapular kinematics and muscles activities when compared to subjects without upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. Besides, the investigators suggest that subjects with/without upper trapezius myofascial trigger point will show significant difference in scapular kinematics and muscles activities after upper trapezius muscle fatigue, especially in subjects with upper trapezius myofascial trigger point. The outcome measurements includes scapular kinematics (upward/downward rotation, external/internal rotation, posterior/anterior tilting) and muscles activities (upper trapezius, serratus anterior, lower trapezius).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| MTrP group | Experimental | Healthy overhead athletes with upper trapezius myofascial trigger point |
|
| Control group | Sham Comparator | Healthy overhead athletes without upper trapezius myofascial trigger point |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper trapezius muscle fatigue | Behavioral | Isometric contraction of scapular elevation |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Scapular kinematics | Change of scapular kinematics immediately after fatigue task | 10 minutes |
| Scapular muscles electromyography | Change of scapular muscles electromyography immediately after fatigue task | 10 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Taiwan university hospital | Taipei | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009209 | Myofascial Pain Syndromes |
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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The treatment allocation and procedures involved in this randomized study were explained to all participants when they met inclusion criteria of VAS score of 4 or greater on the postoperative first day.
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Data were collected by the attending surgeon who was blinded to the group assignment.