The Prospective Cohort Study for Azoospermia Patients was set up to investigate the short- and long-term health consequences in Reproductive Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China.

Infertility is an important problem with a multifactorial etiology that affects approximately 15% of couples who attempt pregnancy. Its cause in approximately 50% of infertile couples is male factors. Spermatogenesis is an extremely complex cell differentiation process involving 2,300 genes that regulate germ cell development and maturation.

Since last decade, Clinical Reproductive Medicine Management System/Electronic Medical Record Cohort Database (CCRM/EMRCD) has been used in Reproductive Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and Henan Province Key Laboratory for Reproduction and Genetics. Information of patients (POI, PCOS, Endometriosis, azoospermia, ect) were recorded comprehensively. The current project plans to recruit azoospermia participants in our center. Biological samples, questionnaires and short/long term health data will be collected. The study is aimed to provide evidence for azoospermia prognosis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• at least three semen evaluations performed on separate occasions, when the seminal specimen after centrifugation showed no sperm under the microscope and was then diagnosed according to several clinical parameters；

Exclusion Criteria:

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At least three semen evaluations performed on separate occasions, when the seminal specimen after centrifugation showed no sperm under the microscope and was then diagnosed according to several clinical parameters