Esmarch bandage (also known as Esmarch's bandage for surgical haemostasis or Esmarch's tourniquet) in its modern form is a narrow (5 to 10 cm wide) soft rubber bandage that is used to expel venous blood from a limb (exsanguinate) that has had its arterial supply cut off by a tourniquet.

Fromme-Boezaart surgical field scale is visual assessment of surgical field using a 6-point scale (min=0, max=5)

0 mean No bleeding

1. mean Slight bleeding ; no suctioning of blood required
2. mean Slight bleeding ; occasional suctioning required. Surgical field not threatened
3. mean Slight bleeding ; frequent suctioning required. Bleeding threatens surgical filed a few seconds after suction is removed
4. mean Moderate bleeding ; frequent suctioning required. Bleeding threatens surgical field directly after suction is removed
5. mean Severe bleeding ; constant suctioning required. Bleeding appears faster than can be removed by suction. Surgical field severely threatened and surgery not possible 0=best possible operating conditions and dryness of the surgical field; 5= worst possible conditions

NRS is a pain intensity assessment of patients using a 11 point scale (min=0, max=10) 0=no pain 10= worst pain