Due to the long delay because of COVID-19 and results from another study suggesting a higher dose may be more beneficial, EIP Pharma decided on October 15th, 2020, to end the trial prematurely.

This is a double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-period 10-week treatment within-subject crossover study of neflamapimod in early-stage Huntington disease (HD). The primary objective is to determine whether neflamapimod can reverse hippocampal dysfunction in patients with early-stage HD, as assessed by the virtual water-maze-test for evaluating spatial learning and selected tests on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB).

The study was designed as within-subject crossover study. However, due to the Covid19 lockdowns and restrictions on clinical research, and only one subject entered the second crossover period. As a result, the baseline and outcomes are reported by the actual treatment received in the subjects during what would have been the first treatment period, i.e. placebo or neflamapimod treatment.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Men and women age 30 to 70 years, inclusive.

2. Willing and able to provide informed consent.

3. Must have genetically confirmed HD and identified cognitive deficits:

   1. Stage 1, as defined by Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Functional Capacity (TFC) score >10, and,
   2. CANTAB Paired Associate Learning Total Adjusted Error Score of >16.

4. Normal or corrected eye sight and auditory abilities, sufficient to perform all aspects of the cognitive and functional assessments.

5. No history of learning difficulties that may interfere with the subject's ability to complete the cognitive tests.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. A profile of impairment that is not consistent with HD.
2. Diagnosis of any other ongoing central nervous system condition other than HD, including, but not limited to, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson's disease.
3. Suicidality, defined as active suicidal thoughts within 6 months before Screening or at Baseline, defined as answering yes to items 4 or 5 on the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), or history of suicide attempt in previous 2 years, or, in the Investigator's opinion, at serious risk of suicide.
4. Ongoing major and active psychiatric disorder, moderate to severe depressive symptoms, and or other concurrent medical condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, might compromise safety and/or compliance with study requirements.
5. Diagnosis of alcohol or drug abuse within the previous 2 years.
6. Poorly controlled clinically significant medical illness, such as hypertension (blood pressure >180 mmHg systolic or 100 mmHg diastolic); myocardial infarction within 6 months; uncompensated congestive heart failure or other significant cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, liver, infectious disease, immune disorder, or metabolic/endocrine disorders or other disease that would preclude treatment with p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor and/or assessment of drug safety and efficacy.
7. Anemia with a hemoglobin ≤10 g/dL, clinically significant thyroid function abnormality, electrolyte abnormalities.
8. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) >1.5 × the upper limit of normal (ULN), total bilirubin >1.5 × ULN, and/or International Normalized Ratio (INR) >1.5.
9. Known human immunodeficiency virus; or active hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection; evidence of active or latent tuberculosis.
10. Subject participated in a study of an investigational drug less than 3 months or 5 half-lives of an investigational drug, whichever is longer, before enrollment in this study.
11. History of previous neurosurgery to the brain.
12. Female subjects who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
13. Male subjects with female partners of child-bearing potential who are unwilling or unable to adhere to contraception requirements specified in the protocol (see Section 5.8).
14. Female subjects who have not reached menopause or have not had a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy/salpingo-oophorectomy and are not willing or unable to adhere to contraceptive requirements specified in the protocol (see Section 5.8).
15. Requires concomitant use of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitors or anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapies during study participation.
16. Known allergy to any ingredient of the trial medication or placebo.

Up to 37 weeks. AEs occurring from when the subject signed the ICF until up to 30 days after the last dose were collected. Any AEs occurring before the start of treatment (i.e., before the first dose of the investigational product) were recorded in the medical history.

Any sign, symptom, or disease present before starting the treatment period were only considered AEs if they worsen after starting the treatment period.

All-Cause Mortality was not monitored/assessed.

Due COVID-19 pandemic all clinical research in the UK was halted in March 2020. Sponsor ultimately elected to terminate the study on 15 October 2020. As only one subject completed both periods of the crossover, the only efficacy analyses compared outcomes in subjects receiving neflamapimod (N=7) during Treatment period 1 to those receiving placebo during that period (N=8); i.e., an inter-subject group comparison, rather than the within-subject comparison for which the study was powered.