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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Alabama at Birmingham | OTHER |
| University of Ottawa | OTHER |
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The logistic advantages and advanced training capabilities of the G-EO System, as well as the benefits reported in other populations, support this strategy as a potentially potent rehabilitation tool for restoring and maintaining function in progressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This approach represents a paradigm shifting opportunity for improving current clinical practices for patients with progressive MS. If successful, this project will provide initial evidence for increasing patient access to the G-EO System, and this could be accomplished through "regional technology centers" using a rural health-delivery approach.
There are several novel aspects of the proposed trial: (1) the examination of a novel gait rehabilitation stimulus (G-EO System) that could alter current clinical practices; (2) the focus on patients with progressive MS who have gait impairment (i.e., those who have received minimal research attention), which was recently described as the greatest therapeutic challenge facing the MS community; and (3) a study design that accounts for standard therapy.
Specific Aims: The investigators designed a single-blinded, randomized pilot trial of electromechanically-assisted gait training using the G-EO System in patients with progressive MS with gait disability (EDSS=4.0-7.5).
Specific Aim 1 will establish the safety and feasibility of gait training using the G-EO System.
Specific Aim 2 will determine the efficacy of gait training using the G-EO System for improving mobility, symptomatic, quality of life, and participatory outcomes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional Physical Therapy | Active Comparator | Conventional physical therapy (CPT): CPT sessions will involve a 3-5 minute warm-up, stretching, progressive strength training exercises, and gait and balance training.40-43 Additional strategies for home exercises, energy conservation, fall prevention, and appropriate assistive devices (i.e., orthotics) will be provided. |
|
| End-Effector Robotic Training | Experimental | G-EO training: Using the G-EO System, participants will be secured with the appropriate sized harness and attached to an overhead body-weight support system, with feet secured to pressure sensitive footplates. Each session will begin with a 3-5 minute warm-up in the continuous passive mode (cadence ~40-45 steps/minute). The participant will then be transitioned into the adaptive training phase for practicing repetitive floor walking and stair climbing for up to 30 minutes. During this phase, the force produced by the robot is modulated to support the effort of the patient in producing a typical walking pattern. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G-EO System (Reha Technology AG: Olten, Switzerland) | Device | Electromechanically-assisted gait training addresses many of the limitations of therapist-assisted gait training and can be performed using either exoskeleton or end-effector devices. Exoskeleton devices involve programmable drives or passive elements which physically move the lower limbs, whereas, end-effector approaches involve driven footplates that have trajectories that simulate the stance and swing phases.13,14 The G-EO System (Reha Technology: Olten, Switzerland) is a novel end-effector gait training system that was developed for regaining mobility and independence in stroke survivors. This system involves minimal therapist and patient burden (e.g., quick set-up, single operate usage), there is the unique capacity for practicing walking and stair climbing movements, and the patient can receive real-time visual feedback. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Comfortable Walking Speed | Comfortable Walking speed will be assessed using a Pressure Sensor Walkway. Participants will be asked to walk over a 14 foot pressure mat that will capture their walking speed. Scores range from 0 (no speed) to as fast as they are comfortable with the most common range being .1 to 1.5 meters per second. | Gait speed for comfortable walking will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment (Pretest) and following study completion which occurred following 20 treatment visits (Posttest) |
| Two Minute Walk Test | A 2-minute walk (2MWT) test to determine walking endurance. Subjects will be asked to walk for 2 minutes along a 30m track. Subjects may stop and rest as often as needed. The outcome is the distance in meters traveled during the 2 minutes. Scores can range from 0 to 500 meters. An increase in distance following treatment when compared to pretest numbers would indicate improved muscular and cardiovascular endurance. | Walking distance will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment (Pretest) and following study completion (Posttest). Pretest represents a time point prior to intervention training. Posttest represents the point following intervention completion. |
| Modified Fatigue Impact Scale | Subjects will complete a questionnaire evaluating their level of perceived fatigue. The scores are divided into three different scales: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. A total score is also calculated. Scale scores are represented by the following ranges: physical subscale ranges from 0 to 36; cognitive subscale from 0 to 40; and psychosocial subscale from 0 to 8. A total score has a range of 0 to 85. A higher score indicates greater fatigue. Decreases in scores over time indicate decreases in feelings of fatigue. Each scale including the total score is summed. | Subjects perception of the their fatigue will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
| Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 | Subjects completed a 29 item questionnaire evaluating their level of health-related quality of life. The higher the score the greater the impact MS is having on their daily function. The 29 items are divided into a 20 item physical scale and 9 item psychological scale. Each item has four potential responses resulting in scores on the physical impact scale ranging from 20 to 80 and on the psychological impact scale ranging from 9 to 36. Final scores for each scale are achieved by summing the items for each of the two scales and then transforming them to a 100 point scale for easy comparison. On the 100 point scale, 0 would indicate no impact of the disease on daily function and 100 would indicate the greatest possible impact. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | Subjects completed a questionnaire evaluating their level of anxiety and depression. The questionnaire is comprised of two scales: a 7 item scale related to anxiety and 7 item scale related to depression. Each item within both scales is scored using a 0-3 scoring system depending upon the individual's answer. Both the anxiety scale and the depression scale can range in scores from 0 to 21. Although the 14 items were administered together, each set of seven questions was kept separate and scored separately to create a score for anxiety and one for depression. The scores for each scale were summed to provide a total score for anxiety and a separate score for depression. The higher the score the greater the severity. A score between 8-10 is consider mild, 11-14 is moderate, >14 is severe for both scales. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Peter Altenburger, PhD, PT | Indiana University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurorehabilitation and Robotics at IU Health Neuroscience Center | Indianapolis | Indiana | 46202 | United States |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Conventional Physical Therapy | Conventional physical therapy (CPT): CPT sessions will involve a 3-5 minute warm-up, stretching, progressive strength training exercises, and gait and balance training.40-43 Additional strategies for home exercises, energy conservation, fall prevention, and appropriate assistive devices (i.e., orthotics) will be provided. Conventional Physical Therapy: Conventional physical therapy (CPT): CPT sessions will involve a 3-5 minute warm-up, stretching, progressive strength training exercises, and gait and balance training. Additional strategies for home exercises, energy conservation, fall prevention, and appropriate assistive devices (i.e., orthotics) will be provided. |
| FG001 | End-Effector Robotic Training | G-EO training: Using the G-EO System, participants will be secured with the appropriate sized harness and attached to an overhead body-weight support system, with feet secured to pressure sensitive footplates. Each session will begin with a 3-5 minute warm-up in the continuous passive mode (cadence ~40-45 steps/minute). The participant will then be transitioned into the adaptive training phase for practicing repetitive floor walking and stair climbing for up to 30 minutes. During this phase, the force produced by the robot is modulated to support the effort of the patient in producing a typical walking pattern. G-EO System (Reha Technology AG: Olten, Switzerland): Electromechanically-assisted gait training addresses many of the limitations of therapist-assisted gait training and can be performed using either exoskeleton or end-effector devices. Exoskeleton devices involve programmable drives or passive elements which physically move the lower limbs, whereas, end-effector approaches involve driven footplates that have trajectories that simulate the stance and swing phases.13,14 The G-EO System (Reha Technology: Olten, Switzerland) is a novel end-effector gait training system that was developed for regaining mobility and independence. This system has a unique capacity for practicing walking and stair climbing movements, and the patient can receive real-time visual feedback. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Conventional Physical Therapy | Conventional physical therapy (CPT): CPT sessions will involve a 3-5 minute warm-up, stretching, progressive strength training exercises, and gait and balance training.40-43 Additional strategies for home exercises, energy conservation, fall prevention, and appropriate assistive devices (i.e., orthotics) will be provided. Conventional Physical Therapy: Conventional physical therapy (CPT): CPT sessions will involve a 3-5 minute warm-up, stretching, progressive strength training exercises, and gait and balance training. Additional strategies for home exercises, energy conservation, fall prevention, and appropriate assistive devices (i.e., orthotics) will be provided. |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Comfortable Walking Speed | Comfortable Walking speed will be assessed using a Pressure Sensor Walkway. Participants will be asked to walk over a 14 foot pressure mat that will capture their walking speed. Scores range from 0 (no speed) to as fast as they are comfortable with the most common range being .1 to 1.5 meters per second. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | meters per second | Gait speed for comfortable walking will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment (Pretest) and following study completion which occurred following 20 treatment visits (Posttest) |
|
10 weeks
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Conventional Physical Therapy | Conventional physical therapy (CPT): CPT sessions will involve a 3-5 minute warm-up, stretching, progressive strength training exercises, and gait and balance training.40-43 Additional strategies for home exercises, energy conservation, fall prevention, and appropriate assistive devices (i.e., orthotics) will be provided. Conventional Physical Therapy: Conventional physical therapy (CPT): CPT sessions will involve a 3-5 minute warm-up, stretching, progressive strength training exercises, and gait and balance training. Additional strategies for home exercises, energy conservation, fall prevention, and appropriate assistive devices (i.e., orthotics) will be provided. |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peter Altenburger | Indiana University | 3172780703 | paltenbu@iu.edu |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Jul 18, 2018 | Apr 30, 2021 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020528 | Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009103 | Multiple Sclerosis |
| D020278 | Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS |
| D020274 | Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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Not provided
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Not provided
|
|
| Conventional Physical Therapy | Other | Conventional physical therapy (CPT): CPT sessions will involve a 3-5 minute warm-up, stretching, progressive strength training exercises, and gait and balance training. Additional strategies for home exercises, energy conservation, fall prevention, and appropriate assistive devices (i.e., orthotics) will be provided. |
|
| Subjects perception of the their disability will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
| Fast Walking Speed | Fast Walking speed will be assessed using a Pressure Sensor Walkway. Participants will be asked to walk over a 14 foot pressure mat that will capture their walking speed. Scores range from 0 (no speed) to as fast as they are able with the most common range being .5 to 2.0 meters per second. | Fast walking speed will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment (Pretest) and following study completion (Posttest). Pretest represents a time point prior to intervention training. Posttest represents the point following intervention completion. |
| Subjects perception of the their anxiety and depression will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
| Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire | Subjects completed a questionnaire evaluating their level of pain. There are 15 adjectives that describe the patient's pain. The patient ranks each of the words on a categoric scale of "none, mild, moderate, severe. Sensory and affective scores will be computed separately. Scores are created from a summary of the responses using an intensity scale of 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe. The higher the score the more severe the pain is for each of the subscales. For this study, sensory, affective, and total pain scores are reported. The minimum sensory, affective, and total score score would be zero. The maximum score for sensory is 33, affective is 12, and total is 45. | Subjects perception of the their pain will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
| Late-Life Disability Inventory (LLFDI) | Subjects will complete a questionnaire evaluating their perceived level of disability. This tool assesses and responds to meaningful change in a persons disability (Ability to participate in life's activities). There is a 16 item disability component that is scored across two dimensions: frequency and limitation. Total scores and dimensional scores are created by summation and conversion to a 100 point scaled score. The instrument provides a table for converting the raw score to a scaled score. The lowest possible scale score is 0 and the highest score is 100 for both frequency and limitation. A higher score indicates greater functional ability and less disability. Each dimension can be further assessed by analyzing domains. There are social and personal domains within the frequency dimension and instrumental and management domains within the limitations dimension. All domains are calculated as described before through summation and scale adjustment. | Subjects perception of the their functional ability using the total score and dimensional scores will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
| Late-Life Function Inventory | Subjects will complete a questionnaire evaluating their perceived level of function. This tool assesses and responds to meaningful change in a persons function (ability to execute discrete tasks). There is a 32 item functional component is comprised of three domains Upper Extremity, Basic Lower Extremity, Advanced Lower Extremity. Total score and each domain will be scored by summing and then converting to a 100 point scaled score. The instrument provides a table for converting the raw score to a scaled score. A higher score indicates greater functional ability. The lowest score would be 0 and the highest scale score would be 100. | Subjects perception of the their functional ability using all three domains will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
| BG001 | End-Effector Robotic Training | G-EO training: Using the G-EO System, participants will be secured with the appropriate sized harness and attached to an overhead body-weight support system, with feet secured to pressure sensitive footplates. Each session will begin with a 3-5 minute warm-up in the continuous passive mode (cadence ~40-45 steps/minute). The participant will then be transitioned into the adaptive training phase for practicing repetitive floor walking and stair climbing for up to 30 minutes. During this phase, the force produced by the robot is modulated to support the effort of the patient in producing a typical walking pattern. G-EO System (Reha Technology AG: Olten, Switzerland): Electromechanically-assisted gait training addresses many of the limitations of therapist-assisted gait training and can be performed using either exoskeleton or end-effector devices. Exoskeleton devices involve programmable drives or passive elements which physically move the lower limbs, whereas, end-effector approaches involve driven footplates that have trajectories that simulate the stance and swing phases. The G-EO System (Reha Technology: Olten, Switzerland) is a novel end-effector gait training system that was developed for regaining mobility and independence. This system has the capacity for practicing walking and stair climbing movements, and the patient can receive real-time visual feedback. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) | The Expanded Disability Status Scale is used to quantify disability in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis The scale ranges from 0 to 10 and is used to monitor an individuals changing level of disability throughout their lifetime. A higher score represents greater disability. Scores ranging between 1 and 5 indicated minimal or no impact on walking while scores greater than 5 have progressively more impact on walking ability. | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale |
|
| OG001 | End-Effector Robotic Training | G-EO training: Using the G-EO System, participants will be secured with the appropriate sized harness and attached to an overhead body-weight support system, with feet secured to pressure sensitive footplates. Each session will begin with a 3-5 minute warm-up in the continuous passive mode (cadence ~40-45 steps/minute). The participant will then be transitioned into the adaptive training phase for practicing repetitive floor walking and stair climbing for up to 30 minutes. During this phase, the force produced by the robot is modulated to support the effort of the patient in producing a typical walking pattern. G-EO System (Reha Technology AG: Olten, Switzerland): Electromechanically-assisted gait training addresses many of the limitations of therapist-assisted gait training and can be performed using either exoskeleton or end-effector devices. Exoskeleton devices involve programmable drives or passive elements which physically move the lower limbs, whereas, end-effector approaches involve driven footplates that have trajectories that simulate the stance and swing phases. The G-EO System (Reha Technology: Olten, Switzerland) is a novel end-effector gait training system that was developed for regaining mobility and independence. This system has the capacity for practicing walking and stair climbing movements, and the patient can receive real-time visual feedback. |
|
|
|
| Primary | Two Minute Walk Test | A 2-minute walk (2MWT) test to determine walking endurance. Subjects will be asked to walk for 2 minutes along a 30m track. Subjects may stop and rest as often as needed. The outcome is the distance in meters traveled during the 2 minutes. Scores can range from 0 to 500 meters. An increase in distance following treatment when compared to pretest numbers would indicate improved muscular and cardiovascular endurance. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | Meters | Walking distance will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment (Pretest) and following study completion (Posttest). Pretest represents a time point prior to intervention training. Posttest represents the point following intervention completion. |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Modified Fatigue Impact Scale | Subjects will complete a questionnaire evaluating their level of perceived fatigue. The scores are divided into three different scales: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. A total score is also calculated. Scale scores are represented by the following ranges: physical subscale ranges from 0 to 36; cognitive subscale from 0 to 40; and psychosocial subscale from 0 to 8. A total score has a range of 0 to 85. A higher score indicates greater fatigue. Decreases in scores over time indicate decreases in feelings of fatigue. Each scale including the total score is summed. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | Subjects perception of the their fatigue will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 | Subjects completed a 29 item questionnaire evaluating their level of health-related quality of life. The higher the score the greater the impact MS is having on their daily function. The 29 items are divided into a 20 item physical scale and 9 item psychological scale. Each item has four potential responses resulting in scores on the physical impact scale ranging from 20 to 80 and on the psychological impact scale ranging from 9 to 36. Final scores for each scale are achieved by summing the items for each of the two scales and then transforming them to a 100 point scale for easy comparison. On the 100 point scale, 0 would indicate no impact of the disease on daily function and 100 would indicate the greatest possible impact. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | units on a scale | Subjects perception of the their disability will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
|
|
|
|
| Primary | Fast Walking Speed | Fast Walking speed will be assessed using a Pressure Sensor Walkway. Participants will be asked to walk over a 14 foot pressure mat that will capture their walking speed. Scores range from 0 (no speed) to as fast as they are able with the most common range being .5 to 2.0 meters per second. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | meters per second | Fast walking speed will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment (Pretest) and following study completion (Posttest). Pretest represents a time point prior to intervention training. Posttest represents the point following intervention completion. |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) | Subjects completed a questionnaire evaluating their level of anxiety and depression. The questionnaire is comprised of two scales: a 7 item scale related to anxiety and 7 item scale related to depression. Each item within both scales is scored using a 0-3 scoring system depending upon the individual's answer. Both the anxiety scale and the depression scale can range in scores from 0 to 21. Although the 14 items were administered together, each set of seven questions was kept separate and scored separately to create a score for anxiety and one for depression. The scores for each scale were summed to provide a total score for anxiety and a separate score for depression. The higher the score the greater the severity. A score between 8-10 is consider mild, 11-14 is moderate, >14 is severe for both scales. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | Subjects perception of the their anxiety and depression will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire | Subjects completed a questionnaire evaluating their level of pain. There are 15 adjectives that describe the patient's pain. The patient ranks each of the words on a categoric scale of "none, mild, moderate, severe. Sensory and affective scores will be computed separately. Scores are created from a summary of the responses using an intensity scale of 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate and 3 = severe. The higher the score the more severe the pain is for each of the subscales. For this study, sensory, affective, and total pain scores are reported. The minimum sensory, affective, and total score score would be zero. The maximum score for sensory is 33, affective is 12, and total is 45. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | Subjects perception of the their pain will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Late-Life Disability Inventory (LLFDI) | Subjects will complete a questionnaire evaluating their perceived level of disability. This tool assesses and responds to meaningful change in a persons disability (Ability to participate in life's activities). There is a 16 item disability component that is scored across two dimensions: frequency and limitation. Total scores and dimensional scores are created by summation and conversion to a 100 point scaled score. The instrument provides a table for converting the raw score to a scaled score. The lowest possible scale score is 0 and the highest score is 100 for both frequency and limitation. A higher score indicates greater functional ability and less disability. Each dimension can be further assessed by analyzing domains. There are social and personal domains within the frequency dimension and instrumental and management domains within the limitations dimension. All domains are calculated as described before through summation and scale adjustment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | Subjects perception of the their functional ability using the total score and dimensional scores will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
|
|
|
|
| Secondary | Late-Life Function Inventory | Subjects will complete a questionnaire evaluating their perceived level of function. This tool assesses and responds to meaningful change in a persons function (ability to execute discrete tasks). There is a 32 item functional component is comprised of three domains Upper Extremity, Basic Lower Extremity, Advanced Lower Extremity. Total score and each domain will be scored by summing and then converting to a 100 point scaled score. The instrument provides a table for converting the raw score to a scaled score. A higher score indicates greater functional ability. The lowest score would be 0 and the highest scale score would be 100. | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | score on a scale | Subjects perception of the their functional ability using all three domains will be assessed prior to the start of the treatment and following study completion (at 10 weeks) |
|
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 7 |
| 0 |
| 7 |
| 0 |
| 7 |
| EG001 | End-Effector Robotic Training | G-EO training: Using the G-EO System, participants will be secured with the appropriate sized harness and attached to an overhead body-weight support system, with feet secured to pressure sensitive footplates. Each session will begin with a 3-5 minute warm-up in the continuous passive mode (cadence ~40-45 steps/minute). G-EO System (Reha Technology AG: Olten, Switzerland): Electromechanically-assisted gait training addresses many of the limitations of therapist-assisted gait training and can be performed using either exoskeleton or end-effector devices. Exoskeleton devices involve programmable drives or passive elements which physically move the lower limbs, whereas, end-effector approaches involve driven footplates that have trajectories that simulate the stance and swing phases. The G-EO System (Reha Technology: Olten, Switzerland) is a novel end-effector gait training system that was developed for regaining mobility and independence. This system has the capacity for practicing walking and stair climbing movements, and the patient can receive real-time visual feedback. | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 |
Not provided
Not provided
| D003711 | Demyelinating Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| .710 |
| Superiority |
| Evaluating the impact of conventional therapy on walking endurance Null hypothesis is no difference between pretest and posttest | ANOVA | .682 | Superiority |
| Evaluating the impact of whether both groups combined resulted in a significant change in walking distance | ANOVA | .568 | p value adjusted for multiple comparisons - Bonferroni | Superiority |
| Pretest Physical Domain |
|
| Posttest Physical Domain |
|
| Pretest Cognitive Domain |
|
| Posttest Cognitive Domain |
|
| Pretest Psychological Domain |
|
| Posttest Psychological Domain |
|
| ANOVA |
| .061 |
| Superiority |
| Pretest posttest comparison of conventional training group for physical domain | ANOVA | .812 | Superiority |
| Combined conventional and end-effector training for outcomes in the physical domain | ANOVA | .235 | Superiority |
| Between group assessment of changes in the MFIS Cognitive domain | ANOVA | .465 | Superiority |
| Within group differences for the End Effector Robotic Training Group for the Cognitive Domain | ANOVA | .165 | Superiority |
| Within group assessment for the conventional group within the cognitive domain of the MFIS | ANOVA | .682 | Superiority |
| Combined group outcomes comparing pretest to posttest for the cognitive domain | ANOVA | .017 | p value adjusted using a Bonferroni correction | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 5.39 | 2-Sided | 95 | 1.12 | 9.67 | Superiority |
| Between group comparison for the MFIS Psychological Subscale | ANOVA | .052 | Superiority |
| Within group comparison for the end-effector robotic training group for the MFIS Psychological subscale | ANOVA | .483 | Superiority |
| Within group assessment for the conventional physical therapy group for the MFIS Psychological subscale | ANOVA | .056 | Superiority |
| Change in MFIS for all subjects from pre to posttest for the psychological subscale | ANOVA | .048 | p value is adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Bonferroni correction | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 1.313 | 2-Sided | 95 | .016 | 2.619 | Superiority |
| Between group assessment of differences in total score | ANOVA | .010 | Superiority |
| Within assessment of change in total fatigue score | ANOVA | .089 | Superiority |
| Within group assessment of change in total score | ANOVA | .50 | Superiority |
| Combined assessment of all subject improvement in total MFIS score | ANOVA | 0.10 | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 9.464 | 2-Sided | 95 | 2.678 | 16.251 | Superiority |
| Pretest Psychological Subscale |
|
| Posttest Psychological Subscale |
|
| .005 |
| Mean Difference (Final Values) |
| 14.84 |
| 2-Sided |
| 95 |
| 6.02 |
| 23.66 |
| Superiority |
| With group assessment of change on the physical subscale of the MSIS | ANOVA | .001 | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 13.57 | 2-Sided | 95 | 8.30 | 18.85 | Superiority |
| Combined group assessment of change on the physical subscale of the MSIS | ANOVA | .000026 | p value adjusted for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 14.21 | 2-Sided | 95 | 9.367 | 19.04 | Superiority |
| Between group comparison for the psychological subscale for the MSIS | ANOVA | .084 | Pretest measures were statistically different between the two groups | Superiority |
| Within group comparison for the psychological subscale for the MSIS | ANOVA | .412 | Superiority |
| Within group comparison for the psychological subscale for the MSIS | ANOVA | .00018 | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 22.22 | 2-Sided | 95 | 15.59 | 28.85 | Superiority |
| Combined group comparison for the psychological subscale for the MSIS | ANOVA | .00049 | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 13.19 | 2-Sided | 95 | 7.013 | 19.38 | Superiority |
| .079 |
| Superiority |
| Within group assessment | ANOVA | .393 | Superiority |
| Evaluating the impact of whether fast walking speed for both groups combined resulted in a significant improvement in walking speed | ANOVA | Adjusted for multiple mean comparisons | .048 | Mean Difference (Final Values) | .058 | 2-Sided | 95 | .001 | .116 | Superiority |
| Pretest HADS Depression Score |
|
| Posttest HADS Depression Score |
|
| .041 |
| Mean Difference (Final Values) |
| 1.75 |
| 2-Sided |
| 95 |
| .093 |
| 3.407 |
| Superiority |
| Within group assessment for HADS Anxiety Subscale | ANOVA | .150 | Superiority |
| Combined group assessment of HADS Anxiety Subscale | ANOVA | .012 | p value adjusted for multiple comparisons | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 1.518 | 2-Sided | 95 | .390 | 2.646 | Superiority |
| Pretest Affective Pain |
|
| Posttest Affective Pain |
|
| Pretest Total Pain |
|
| Posttest Total Pain |
|
| Superiority |
| Between group differences in affective pain | ANOVA | .770 | Superiority |
| LLFDI Limitations Pretest |
|
| LLFDI Limitations Posttest |
|
| .833 |
| Superiority |
| Between Group Assessment of improvement in LLFDI Disability Limitations | ANOVA | .044 | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 6.996 | 2-Sided | 95 | .212 | 13.781 | Superiority |
| Combined group assessment of improvement in LLFDI Disability Limitations | ANOVA | .212 | Superiority |
| .007 |
| Mean Difference (Final Values) |
| 7.508 |
| 2-Sided |
| 95 |
| 2.73 |
| 12.28 |
| Superiority |
| Within group assessment for changes in LLFDI Function | ANOVA | .067 | Superiority |
| Combined group improvement in LLFDI Function | ANOVA | .001 | p value adjusted for multiple comparisons | Mean Difference (Final Values) | 5.99 | 2-Sided | 95 | 2.90 | 9.08 | Superiority |